mr dcp clervil Essay Example

mr dcp clervil Essay Example mr dcp clervil Essay mr dcp clervil Essay Step by step instructions to Evaluate Problem Solving in a Business by Billie Nordmeyer, Demand Media Each business day brings new difficulties. An essential distinction between a top-performing organization and a normal performing organization is the way wherein the association tends to such difficulties. So as to guarantee a companys critical thinking technique is a quality rather a shortcoming, the organization must not just decide whether it was fruitful in changing over a test to a chance, yet additionally assess the way where it tackled the issue. Assessing a business critical thinking capacity requires thought of a few components. Advertisements by Google Simple Project Software Its simple with [emailprotected] Nothing to introduce. Attempt it free! www. smartsheet. com Step 1 Determine how much the issue was effectively distinguished and characterized. Consider if the issue was conceptualized such that upheld the distinguishing proof of various conceivable underlying drivers. For instance, the issue definition a decline in deals bolsters the recognizable proof of various main drivers ncluding an expansion in the quantity of contenders, a need to increase publicizing, and an absence of fitting preparing for the business staff. Stage 2 Determine if the root issue was effectively distinguished. Consider if a root issue, as opposed to a side effect of the root issue, was tended to by the arrangement. For instance, if the root issue is item quality and the manifestation is an abatement in deals, an answer of extra deals instruments will be inadequate in tending to the root issue. Stage 3 Review venture information to decide whether relevant realities were considered in the choice rocess. Consider the dependability of the information sources and the fulfillment of the information accumulated. Stage 4 Evaluate the assets utilized to distinguish the proper arrangement. See whether key work force were chosen based on mastery as opposed to staff position. Decide whether a suitable undertaking support was distinguished, if fitting partners partook, and if outsider specialists were utilized if interior staff came up short on the proper ability. Stage 5 Review the consented to answer for assess its achievability. Discover that the chose olution was top tier considering other potential other options. Consider if an adequate number of arrangements were assessed so as to build up a quality arrangement. stage 6 Consider if the potential arrangements were suitably organized. For instance, decide whether the arrangement was chosen essentially based on its execution time period or cost. Stage 7 Discover if the arrangement of alternatives was reasonably evaluated. Decide whether specialists were counseled in the dynamic procedure, and if the favorable circumstances or inconveniences of the elective arrangements were totally and genuinely considered. Stage 8 Determine if the dynamic procedure upheld the brief recognizable proof of an operational costs that came about because of postponements in process. Stage 9 Consider venture duties. See whether fitting people were doled out the duty to lead specific components of the arrangement. Stage 10 Evaluate the achievement estimates set up for the arrangement. Find if the arrangement was executed effectively inside an assigned time period and as per plan, and in the event that it tended to the issue without unintended reactions.

Ship Breaking Industries of Bangladesh

Shipbreaking Activities in Bangladesh and impact of Marine Biodiversity Prabal Barua Associate Program Officer YPSA The marine condition of the seaside water is essential to humanity on a worldwide just as on nearby premise concerning vitality. Man is turning into a predominant piece of the biological system in numerous locales, because of his different employments of the marine condition. So the wellbeing of marine environment is a significant factor in man own existence.The Bay of Bengal which is a potential bode of marine life just as for it’s immense waterfront networks is currently persistently contaminated by various kinds of poison through deluge of land base and different sources and put a disturbing sign of mindfulness about contamination in the ocean. The waterfront regions of Chittagong Support a complex trophic association continue a high biodiversity including some endemic species and are profoundly defenseless to obstruction from exercises. Seaside biological sys tem makes a maintainable occupation especially to beach front angling communities.Ship breaking yards along the shore of Chittagong (Faujdarhat to Kumira) has become a foremost significance in the full scale and smaller scale financial setting of neediness stricken Bangladesh. Shipbreaking exercises present both test and open door for beach front zone the board in all encompassing way. The historical backdrop of boat breaking is as almost old as shipbuilding. As we realize that a boat is moderately a huge vessel fit for working in the profound sea. The term ‘vessels’ applies to the vessels of more than 5000 tons and that can explore in open seas.In Bangladesh transport breaking is prominently known as ‘Beaching’. Boat breaking began as a business in Bangladesh in 1972. Before that, 2/3 boats were rejected during Pakistan period. It began consequently when a 20000 DWT vessel was drive aground by the staggering tsunami of 1965. That was the principal transpor t rejected on the 2 Chittagong ocean sea shore. At present, transport breaking is directed in a zone of around 10 km by 32 out of 110 boat Breaking yards from Bhatiari, Sonaichhari, kumira under the Sitakunda upazilla of Chittagong.The Department of Environment (DoE) has arranged the Ship Breaking Industry (SBI) as ‘Red’ in 1995(EIA rules for the Industries, 1997). The Environmental Impact evaluation (EIA) isn't led before the foundation of SBI. As there is no observing cell, the Shipyard proprietors are working their business overwhelmingly just as aimlessly. They are less cognizant about perils, poisonousness and natural contamination though increasingly cognizant about their advantage. Squanders of the rejected boats are released legitimately into its contiguous territories which are at last depleting into the Bay of Bengal.These squanders particularly oil and sleek substances, PCBs, TBTs, PAHs and so forth and various sorts of follow and substantial metals (Cd, Pb, and Hg) are being aggregated into the marine biota. Therefore, marine fisheries assorted variety of the Chittagong coast that underpins exceptionally enhanced marine water fishes, mollusks and benthic life forms and so on is at the stake directly as of now. In addition the Coastal occupants/fisher people lead their employments as well as exclusively rely upon the seaside assets for their protein source.The CPUE (Catch Per Unit exertion) has radically been diminished to the greater part relatively of a couple of decades back. As a result, the seaside fisher people are at the stake of their reality. They are either leaving their inherited calling or relocating to different places and turning out to be ‘environmental refugees’. That is the reason their financial status is beneath the neediness level. There are barely any examinations was never really out the linkage between Ship breaking movement (SBA) and the marine contamination, sway on fisheries biodiversity and occupa tions of the anglers community.In those inquires about, specialists considered Bhatiary to Kumira as influenced zone and Sandwip Island as control zone from the shipbreaking action. The eastern side of Sandwip has been considered as control site in light of the fact that these are slantingly inverse and off the SBYs and the water and soil characteristics are evidently liberated from toxins as uncovered from the prior investigations. From the past investigation we found that follow metals fixation in silt at shipbreaking zone are such a great amount of higher than suggestion by GESAMP (Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution).But the specialists found that Sandwip which is fundamentally very lower than that of dregs at influenced zone. The estimations of Lead (Pb), Cadmium(Cd) and Mercury(Hg) discovered six and half; eight and half and ninety four times higher than that of affirmed esteems individually. These could be ascribed to the joined impacts of oil and oil spillage, oil hydrocarbons from ships, big haulers, motorized pontoons and so forth. During the examination all the scientist discovered water characteristics, for example, Hydrogen Ion H Concentration (p ), Dissolve Oxygen (D. O), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (B. O. D), Chemical Oxygen Demand (C. O.D), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Oil and Ammonia (NH3) were focused as a higher incentive in influenced region than control zone as indicated by the standard estimation of water quality for the waterfront water of Bangladesh (EQS, 1991). All the parameters watched such a higher, that they surpassed the estimation of EQS. In any case, the water parameters in Sandwip channel were ideal and close to the estimation of EQS standard. Water characteristics in influenced region surpassed the EQS standard which uncovers that the water body of the nearby zone of boat breaking yards isn't appropriate for the presence of verdure and fauna.The higher fixation was be cause of the release of different reject oils and sleek substances, colors, synthetic compounds, iron pieces, different kinds of metal rusts, solids, colors, disintegration of soil dust and so on from the boat breaking yards. Poisons are likewise released from the Sitakunda mechanical region into the run-off open to the Bay. Effect of Marine Biodiversity: Biodiversity, which is sort for natural assorted variety, is the term used to portray the entire assortment of life on earth. In well known utilization, the word biodiversity is frequently used to depict all the species living in a specific area.Biodiversity can be summed up as â€Å"Life on earth. † It is characterized as â€Å" The assortments of life on earth at all its levels, from qualities to biological system, and the environmental and transformative procedures that continue it. † The all out biodiversity of a zone can be separated into two various leveled segments: the quantity of useful sorts of living beings (creatures and plants) or biological systems (timberland, prairie, tundra and marine intertidal) and the quantity of practically identical life forms inside each utilitarian type.There are three kinds of viewpoints to biodiversity: species decent variety, hereditary assorted variety and environment assorted variety. Every one of the three collaborate and change after some time and all around. Phytoplankton is the essential food makers of the oceanic natural surroundings and assumes a significant job in the evolved way of life. Phytoplankton is the best file of the organic profitability. Examination of phytoplankton demonstrated that during storm, Aanabaena , Clostratrum(10. 98%) and Coscinodiscus(21. 97%), Euglena (9. 89%) and Zygnema (30. 76%) and during post rainstorm Coscinodiscus (97. 5%) and Euglena (2. 5%) commanded in the influenced site.In the control site of Sandwip, these were ruled as 30. 41%, 19. 46%; 17. 03%; 9. 73%; 23. 35% in the rainstorm and 94. 73% and 5. 26% sepa rately in the post rainstorm. All through the investigation time frame the wealth of phytoplankton at influenced site was 91 cells/l in rainstorm season and 80 cells/l in post storm season and in control site it was 411 cells/l in rainstorm season and 190 cells/l in post storm season. Floating little drifting creatures, in the water body are by and large known as zooplankton on which the entire amphibian life depends legitimately or indirectly.As zooplankton is extremely delicate to ideal condition, so the beach front contamination because of boat breaking exercises may have significant effects on its endurance and event. Investigation of zooplankton demonstrated that Calanoida, Cyclopedia, Sagitta, Lucifer and so forth in the storm and Calanoida; Acetes shrimp; Lucifer and Zoea in the post rainstorm were ruled in the influenced site as uncovered during zooplankton examination though in the control site the predominant zooplankton were found as Calanoida, Cylpclpedia, Sagitta and Zo ea during the post rainstorm and Calanoida; Acetes shrimp, Lucifer, Cladocera and Zoea in the post storm respectively.The base living life forms â€the benthos assume a significant job in the evolved way of life particularly in the bury flowing zone and it is likewise very much perceived that the most extravagant fisheries of the world are firmly identified with the benthic networks. Among the full scale benthos, Amphipods, Polychaetes, Nemertina and Fish egg in the rainstorm and Nemertina, Cladocera, Cyclopoida and Calanoida were seen as ruled at the influenced site.But at the control site, Amphipod, Polychaete, Nemertina, Fish egg during the storm and Cladocera, Nemertina , Calanoida and Polychaete in the post rainstorm were overwhelmed So, the wealth of large scale benthos in influenced site was 118. 46 ind. /m3 in storm season and 4186. 74 ind. /m3 in post storm season, while in the control site 368. 28 ind. /m3 in storm season and 14204. 41 ind. /m3 in post storm season.The f ishery assets of the region is by all accounts influenced by the boat breaking exercises as uncovered by expanded angling endeavors, decreased species decent variety, expanded measure of garbage fish. Level extension of the boat breaking yards has presented danger not exclusively to the enhanced beach front assets yet in addition on the neighboring seaside occupants exceptionally the fisher people. The angling villages of this investigation were discovered in reverse in the field of essential training and wellbeing that are the fundamental requirements for them.Communication and drinking water gracefully were obser

Essay on Flashbacks, Thrid Person Narration, and Harsh Language in Anot

Utilization of Flashbacks, Thrid Person Narration, and Harsh Language in Another Country James Baldwin's epic, Another Country , is upgraded by Baldwin's remarkable story style. Most of the composition of Another Country is introduced through flashbacks. Baldwin utilizes the third individual omniscient perspective to portray his characters' very own considerations and build up the characters. In conclusion, Baldwin heightens the fury and outrage through his phenomenally cruel style. Frequently Baldwin exceeds the customary obligations of suitable language. In spite of the fact that his expression isn't engaging, it is both solid and viable. Such words summon feelings in all perusers. You took the best, why not take the rest? is the initial explanation of Another Country. Perusers start the novel with the portrayal of a man who has sunk to a low situation throughout everyday life. This man has tumbled from his situation as a conspicuous jazz performer to the least of road bums. His hair is uncombed; his body is unclean. He has slipped from an extremely open situation to a spot where he escapes family, companions and police. Lastly, in urgency, this man offers his body to another man for food and drink. This activity happens in two pages. It is at the base of the second page that Baldwin give... ...the novel. Through brutal language Baldwin escalates the outrage. One such model is this section: I'll be back, he (Vivaldo) said. No, you won't, said Rufus. I'll murder you on the off chance that you return (58). This section communicates incredible anger when it is put in setting. Rufus is conversing with his one genuine companion. His words are grating and on occasion damaging. Baldwin's style speaks to the outrage of his characters and his time. Another Country is written in an extreme story style. James Baldwin uses the procedures of flashback portrayal, omniscient perspective and cruel language to expand the intensity of his novel.  

The Cash Flow Analysis Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

A cash flow statement is a statement which explains the various sources from which the funds are raised and the uses to which these funds are put. Complementing the balance sheet and income statement, the cash flow statement (CFS), a mandatory part of a companys financial reports since 1987, records the amounts of cash and cash equivalents entering and leaving a company. The CFS allows investors to understand how a companys operations are running, where its money is coming from, and how it is being spent. Chapter 2.Structure of Cash Flow Statement The cash flow statement is distinct from the income statement and balance sheet because it does not include the amount of future incoming and outgoing cash that has been recorded on credit. Therefore, cash is not the same as net income, which, on the income statement and balance sheet, includes cash sales and sales made on credit. Cash flow is determined by looking at three components by which cash enters and leaves a company: core operations, investing and financing. Operations Measuring the cash inflows and outflows caused by core business operations, the operations component of cash flow reflects how much cash is generated from a companys products or services. Generally, changes made in cash, accounts receivable, depreciation, inventory and accounts payable are reflected in cash from operations. Investing Changes in equipment, assets or investments relate to cash from investing. Usually cash changes from investing are a cash out item, because cash is used to buy new equipment, buildings or short-term assets such as marketable securities. However, when a company divests of an asset, the transaction is considered cash in for calculating cash from investing. Financing Changes in debt, loans or dividends are accounted for in cash from financing. Changes in cash from financing are cash in when capital is raised, and theyre cash out when dividends are paid. Thus, if a company issues a bond to the public, the company receives cash financing; however, when interest is paid to bondholders, the company is reducing its cash. Chapter 3.Cash flow analysis -An Introduction Cash flow analysis is the study of the cycle of your business cash inflows and outflows, with the purpose of maintaining an adequate cash flow for business, and to provide the basis for cash flow management. Cash flow analysis involves examining the components of business that affect cash flow, such as accounts receivable, inventory, accounts payable, and credit terms. By performing a cash flow analysis on these separate components, one is able to more easily identify cash flow problems and find ways to improve your cash flow. When planning the short- or long-term funding requirements of a business, it is more important to forecast the likely cash requirements than to project profitability. Whilst profit, the difference between sales and costs within a specified period, is a vital indicator of the performance of a business, the generation of a profit does not necessarily guarantee its development, or even the survival. Normally, the main sources of cash inflows to a busine ss are receipts from sales, increases in bank loans, proceeds of share issues and asset disposals, and other income such as interest earned. Cash outflows include payments to suppliers and staff, capital and interest repayments for loans, dividends, taxation and capital expenditure, loans given.etc. Net cash flow is the difference between the inflows and outflows within a given period. A projected cumulative positive net cash flow over several periods highlights the capacity of a business to generate surplus cash and, conversely, a cumulative negative cash flow indicates the amount of additional cash required to sustain the business. Cash flow planning entails forecasting and tabulating all significant cash inflows relating to sales, new loans, interest received etc. and then analyzing in detail the timing of expected payments relating to suppliers, wages, other expenses, capital expenditure, loan repayments, dividends, tax, interest payments etc.. When this net cash flow is a dded to or subtracted from opening bank balances, any likely short-term bank funding requirements can be ascertained. Chapter 4.Objectives of Cash Flow Analysis Optimum Utilization of operating cash Implementation of a sound cash flow analysis and management is based on rapid generation, efficient utilisation and effective conversion of its cash resources. Cash flow is a circle. The quantum and the speed of the flow can be regulated through prudent financial planning facilitating the running of business with the optimum cash balance. This can be achieved by making a proper analysis of operative cash cycle along with efficient management of working capital. Cash forecasting Cash forecasting is backbone of cash planning. It forewarns a business regarding expected cash problems, which it may encounter, thus assisting it to regulate further cash flow management. Lack of planning results in spasmodic cash flows. For any organisation, cash is the lifeblood that keeps it the business going .That is why, Cash Flow Analysis and its management has been gaining importance with organisations that view the services as a crucial part of their corporate strategies. Managing the cost of cash There is always an opportunity cost of maintaining excess cash balance.ie. if the firm is maintaining excess cash the it is missing the opportunities of investing these funds in a profitable manner. Similarly if the firm is facing shortage of cash, then it may be required to arrange funds on an emergency basis to appropriate any imbalances in the cash flow. Therefore, cash flow analysis help in determining the appropriate cost of raising cash and the effective deployment of funds. Chapter 5.Uses of Cash Flow Analysis Cash flow analysis is used to evaluate the liquidity of a company, to find out ratios like the net present value and the internal rate of return, to act as a validating input for net income created by accrual accounting methods. A company can use a cash flow statement to predict future cash flow, which helps with matters in budgeting. For investors, the cash flow reflects a companys financial health: basically, the more cash available for business operations, the better. However, this is not a hard and fast rule. Sometimes a negative cash flow results from a companys growth strategy in the form of expanding its operations. By adjusting earnings, revenues, assets and liabilities, the investor can get a very clear picture of what some people consider the most important aspect of a company: how much cash it generates and, particularly, how much of that cash stems from core operations. Chapter 6.Process of Cash Flow Analysis I am working as a summer intern in the finance department of Motilal Oswal Securities Ltd. I am trained for managing the cash flow statement on a daily basis wherein the inflow and outflow of cash was managed and monitored. The different sources of funds with the respective uses are mentioned in brief. The process of cash flow analysis is described below. Initially we obtain the funds position by identification of sources of cash (funds) as follows: Issue of Commercial papers and Non-Convertible debentures Motilal Oswal Financial Services (MOFSL), the parent company as well as Motilal Oswal Securities Ltd, the broking arm, issue Commercial Papers and Non Convertible Debentures during appropriate market timings. These securities assist in the arrangement of funds required for funding the capital and revenue expenditure, working capital requirements and supplementing the growth operations of the company. The process of issuance and the corresponding co-ordination with NSDL , IPA ( Issuing and paying Agent), banks and subscribers is looked after by the respective department and the information of the funds availed is known and communicated while preparing the cash flow statement. We, thus, include the amount as an inflow of funds. Balances in Client Settlement accounts and own accounts with the banks, Fixed Deposits, Loan against shares, ODs, Bank Guarantees, Short Term loans The company maintains different kinds of accounts for different segments like NSE Cash segment, Own and Client Settlement Account and NCDEX Settlement Account for Commodities, NSE Futures and Options Client and Settlement accounts, BSE Client Account and settlement with different banks. These accounts facilitate effective coordination of funds obtained from the clients from the corresponding exchange as well as the companys own funds traded over the exchange. The firms own funds as well as the clients funds are available for optimum utilization at the consent of the client. Thereby these funds are reflected as an inflow in the cash flow statement. Loan facilities are provided by the banks for adequate working capital requirements especially during immediate need of funds when during the days of high market trading considerable requirement of margins in the form of cash needs to be parked in the exchanges. The concept of margins is explained further. Thereby funds available by th ese means are employed for further usage. Banks also provide non fund based facilities in the form of Bank Guarantees: A bank guarantee is an irrevocable commitment by the issuing bank to make a payment, at the request of its client, to the beneficiary specified in the bank guarantee, subject to the beneficiary filing a request with the bank to that end, and the fulfilment of the terms and conditions of such bank guarantee (conditional bank guarantee); before the expiry date of the guarantee and up to the amount specified therein. By issuing an unconditional bank guarantee, a new legal relationship is established, which is independent from the underlying transaction, whereby the issuing banks payment obligation arises subject to the beneficiary requesting such payment, irrespectively of any disagreements the parties may have regarding the fulfilment of the underlying transaction; i.e. the payment obligation arises at the time of the first call and without the need to assess the n ature of the legal relationship. For availing bank guarantee, the banks require authorised letters stamped and delivered with the necessary certificates of creditability as a part of their documentation formalities. Usually the amount of Bank guarantee (BG) is availed against different collaterals like corporate guarantee and /or personal guarantees provided by the promoters to the extent of certain percentage and the remaining in the form of fixed deposits placed with bank, shares pledged of the value after haircut of 50% .Different banks have different specifications. There exists a BG commission for usage of the bank guarantee around 1.5-5% of the amount availed as BG as against the creditability of the company in the industry .BG commission is charged upfront with the issuance, and the charge is amortised over the period of the BG. Also facility of Loan against shares (LAS) is available where loans can be availed against the pledged value of the shares owned by the firm . Overdrafts (OD) are available for working capital requirements and are charged for the period of use of OD amount. They are also availed against fixed deposits placed by the bank and any shares pledged with the bank for the same. Similarly Short Term Loan facility is provided against the collateral of FDs, Shares, and Corporate Guarantee .They are majorly used for furnishing the margin requirements of the exchange. The CASH FLOW STATEMENT also shows the position of the bank accounts with the varied details discussed above .The picture below can give a fair idea about the daily status of funds with the banks. It shows the position of funds with bank on a particular day. It shows the funds in the different accounts along with the interbank and inter account transfers in the form of RTGS, investments and redemptions. The funds obtained or utilised by way of DVP trades, CP/NCD issuance, FDR placement and high value clearing are specified in the bank position statement. Also t he exchange payin /payout for client settlements and collections obtained from the client accounts are shown; thereby the net position of the bank on a daily basis is ascertained. Client funds of Cash, F O and settlement figures are bifurcated to give the exact position of the funds that are held on behalf of clients and the own funds ,that can be further utilised for revenue generation. Funds employed in the form of margins in the exchange in the respective segment are also shown. Similarly, positions for other banks are also prepared and mailed to the banks on a daily basis. Interbank funds transfer As mentioned earlier, the company has various accounts with different banks for different purpose. As and when the fund requirement arises from one account to another or from one bank account to fund another bank account during the business conducted in the day, the corresponding RTGS( Real Time Gross Settlement ) is undertaken and request are processed through faxing of letters containing the respective instructions. Some Banks also provide the facility of auto sweep wherein the funds are transferred into accounts where there is a shortfall from accounts having surplus funds. This ensures adequate funds for immediate deployment. Money payout of funds invested in NSE and BSE: Capital segment and Futures and Options segment The companys own funds as well as those of the clients, when traded over the exchange into buying or selling of shares and other securities result in money payouts/payins and accordingly the funds available with the company increases or decreases. Particular files of communication of the same are updated from the exchanges on daily basis which assist in giving a true picture of the funds received or to be paid. They are thus updated in the cash flow statement. The settlement of Equities as prescribed by the exchange is on T+2 basis and Futures and Options on T+1 basis. Thereby the next days position of settlement with the clients and the exchanges is shown in the cash flow so as to ascertain the requirements of funds for the coming day .Accordingly the cash provisions can be planned out and money can be arranged on time. It is known as the Provision Payin/Payout for coming settlement day (Ledger Bal) Day after tomorrow and these figures are obtained from the back office systems . They are thus updated in the cash flow statement. Margin releases from the exchanges As a stock broking firm, Motilal Oswal Securities have to arrange for appropriate margins in the exchanges for the dealing of its clients in different segments like equities, derivatives and commodities regularly. These margins can be in the form of Bank Guarantee, Fixed Deposits, Cash, Shares and Mutual Funds pledged with the exchange up to a certain proportion ( limit given by the exchange to any stock broking house).They act as a collateral in the event of any default of the payin of the companys clients or the company itself as against the volume of trade conducted over the exchange. The CASH FLOW STATEMENT includes the average margins parked with the respective exchanges and the corresponding bifurcation of the margins in the form of Bank Guarantees, FDRs and cash. It also depicts the proportion of FDRs (Fixed Deposit Receipts) and shares pledged against the bank guarantees in the different banks. This is reflected in the pictures below. It helps in ascertaining the positio n of the application of the funds and helps in analysing the leverage obtained by way of borrowed funds. As the funds are released from the exchanges, they get available for further use the next day and can be invested or deployed appropriately. The following illustration gives a fair view of the margin statement. The margin report is updated on a daily basis by the concerned department and thus, the margin provisions and releases are updated in the cash flow statement. It gives a fair idea of the percent of total collateral parked with the exchange on a daily basis along with the funds actually utilised. Thus we can accordingly decide about the further deployment of funds in the exchange. Loan availed from the holding company As Motilal Oswal Securities stands as a subsidiary of the parent company, Motilal Oswal Financial Services Ltd, it is facilitated with easier loan provision facilities and funds can be availed from the parent company as and when required. Redemption of Investments in Mutual Funds As the cash flow statement is prepared, the surplus funds are invested in Liquid mutual Funds schemes of huge corpus funds and AUMs (asset under management).Cash is generated when funds that are invested are redeemed and the dividend accumulated thereon. This is generally processed on a daily basis whenever the surplus cash is ascertained. Liquid Mutual Funds enable easy liquidity coupled with less risk, as the risk is mitigated by investment into varied stocks of correlated returns by the asset management company. Arbitrage transactions Motilal Oswal Securities Ltd. has a particular department that analyses the revenues that can be made by way of arbitrage transactions. Different strategies are employed for taking advantage of the arbitrage opportunities in the capital and futures market. Generally the company deals in cash futures .Considerable profits can be booked while the deal involves less risk. The company makes revenues by way of capitalizing on the difference in the value of scrip of equity and futures over the period by employing a combination of different long and short strategies both in the cash market as well as futures market. The amount of revenue generated in the process is informed during the preparation of the cash flow statement. We thus update the amount while preparing the cash flow statement on a daily basis. DVP Institutional releases DVP known as DELIVERY VERSUS PAYMENTS arise when the company, on behalf of it Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) undertake the responsibility for provision of funds to the custodian bank of the FIIs when the buy or sell of the shares take place. Fund parked in with the custodian banks are released after the confirmation and are available with the company for utilisation. DVP is further elaborated in the outflow segment. Client Collections Information about the value of the trade conducted over the day and the amount accumulated is conveyed by way of collections obtained from the clients. Consolidated figures of each segment .i.e. NSE and BSE: Cash and FO is electronically communicated by the respective department and the amount is updated in the cash flow as an inflow of funds available for further utilisation. This includes the brokerage earned. After obtaining the Funds availability position, the deployment of the cash is decided. For efficient and cost effective utilisation of the cash resources, the application sources are effectively analysed and the different requirements taken into consideration are as follows: Provisions for salary, bonus, TDS, Advance Tax, Dividends, Operating Expenses Salary and bonus, TDS, Advance Tax provisions, Dividends to the shareholders and the operating expenses for every month is calculated by the accounts section and the total figure is communicated for making the appropriate provisions as and when required. Thereby funds are provided for these revenue expenditure items. Investments in Mutual funds ,fixed deposits, securities and derivatives Funds available have to be put to best possible use .Most cost effective alternatives combined with least exposure to risks result in the majority of the investments in liquid mutual funds with no entry and exit load and a diversified risk approach. Easy liquidity supports daily investments and redemptions and thereby surplus funds in good proportions are invested in the liquid mutual fund of well rated firms like Reliance, ICICI, UTI and FORTIS Mutual Funds having huge corpus funds and considerable Assets under Management. Funds not needed daily can be locked in for a longer period with the banks in the form of fixed deposits with a better rate of return and can be further utilised in for availing bank guarantees and overdrafts against the fixed deposit receipts. As per the direction from senior authorities regarding investments in securities and derivatives, appropriate provisions are made in the cash flow statement and the funds are provided accordingly. Loan Repayment Loans availed from the holding company are repaid with the surplus funds available with the subsidiary company. Accordingly the provisions are made and the position of the net available funds is prepared with the cash flow statement. Margin funding Margin funding refers to the funding of the clients portfolio by the stock broking firm upto a certain percentage .It depends on the segment as to whether the client wants to deal in equity or derivatives .The amount of Margin funding depends on the creditability of the client and their relationship with the company over the period. A certain percentage of interest is charged for the purpose of margin funding. It facilitates easier availability of funds during bullish markets when the clients indulge in vast amount of trading and require funds in excess of their portfolio value. In order to provide for margin funding, appropriate provisions are made and accordingly the transfer of funds are processed by electronic funds transfer on a daily basis. DVP funding Funds are provided for the Deliver Versus Payment (DVP) transaction entered into, by the companys trading unit. This comes under the institutional broking and distribution segment of the company. Thereby appropriate funds are reserved for funding DVP trades. DVP can be elaborated as follows: Monitored by RBI FII Governed by SEBI Guidelines CUSTODIAN BANK Indian Stock Exchange Stock Broker MOSL The above sketch represents the Indian context where a FII is required to be registered with SEBI, RBI and also needs to have an agreement with a Local Custodian as per RBI, SEBI requirements. As per RBI the amounts brought in by FII and maintained in designated account is fully-repatriable outside India including the sales proceeds. It is also important to note that an FII cannot deal in any activity directly without a Custodian to honour its trades. FII registration and monitoring is one of the most cumbersome processes in the capital market today as the FD I cap is highly regulated in our country. In spite of such constraints too the business from this segment is the highest today as compared to historical statistics. Therefore Working capital requirements are visible for funding FII orders in the form of Exchange Margins and Pay-in towards stock exchanges. Payments towards overdrafts, loans, BG commission Provisions are made for payments of overdrafts availed through the banks and the repayment of loan against the shares pledged .Payments are effected through electronic transfer BG commission towards the bank guarantee facilities provided are paid on an average monthly basis. Accordingly provisions are made for the same in the cash flow statement and the outflow is reflected. Client Payouts Funds available with the company include the deposits of the clients in their respective trading and settlement accounts with the company .As and when the net settlement takes place with the clients, the payouts are reflected and fund credited to the clients accounts. This is reflected as the outflow of funds in the cash flow statement.

Emergency Period Media - 1047 Words

Emergency period media In June, 1975, Indira Gandhis government declared a state of emergency and suspended civil liberties. Immediately after this declaration, the government tightened its controls on the Indian mass media, especially o n the newspapers which had reputations of being free and lively. During the Summer of 1975, as Indira Gandhi became increasingly more threatened by the mounting criticisms of her government, she declared a state of emergency. Immediately she took control of the press, prohibiting their reporting of all domestic and international news. The government expelled several foreign correspondents (mainly American and British) and withdrew accreditation from more than 40 Indian reporters who normally covered the†¦show more content†¦H e urged the editors t o express their ideas fearlessly: However, Indira Gandhis call made editors suppress their best thoughts, and for the Indian mass media, freedom became a matter of history. Like other dictators in history, Indira Gandhis first attempt was t o impose thought control o n the populous. F o r her, this was t o be effectuated not merely by controlling the Indian mass media but also by moulding the media t o her own purpose. It has now becomea well- known fact that during the emergency Indira Gandhi had a firm grip on the Indian mass media. This was especially true since radio and television in India are government owned and operated; for Indira, there was the simple matter of controlling the newspapers in order to achieve a total control of the mass media. She used at least three methods in manipulating the newspapers: (1) allocation of government advertising; (2) shotgun merger of the newsagencies;and (3) use of fear-arousal techniques on newspaper publishers, journalists and individual shareholders. The Indian newspapers depend a great deal on governmental advertising; without such revenues, it would be difficult for many Indian newspapers to stay in business. Unfortunately, this has kept many ofthem vulnerable togovernment manipulation. The large scale possibility of such manipulation, however, was not fully demonstra- ted until Indira Gandhis government decided to take advantage of this uniqueShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Social Media880 Words   |  4 Pageslonger appropriate to limit the output of emergency information to the traditional delivery methods. Social media use continues to grow at a staggering pace. As of January 2014, 74% of online adults use social networking sites (Pew Research Center, n.d.). The large percentage adults who utilize social networks daily makes their use by government agencies essential. It is no longer acceptable for Dane County Emergency Management not have a social media presence. 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Analysis Of Heidi Montag s Influence On Cosmetic Surgeries

The sense of dissatisfaction and the inability to achieve perfection has caused some individuals to become physiological obsessed with and dependent on cosmetic surgeries. At times obtaining dangerous measurements to achieve the desired perfect physique. Heidi Montag a celebrity who underwent ten cosmetic surgeries in a single day, as a means of achieving the perfect physique, is an example on how cultural ideals pressures individuals to conform to the current beauty norms (Ugrina 2014, p.100). Another example is the Brazilian man called Romario Dos Santos, who injected oil and alcohol into his biceps in order to look big like the other men at the gym. The procedure of injecting synthetic filler was successful in enlarging the biceps, however it almost cost his life as he tried to kill himself after developing depression and health problems (Awford 2015). This is an extreme example, but it does demonstrate how men are also affected by the ideals of the perfect physique. Studies have shown that body dissatisfaction of young men increases when they see images of attractive muscular men (Blond 2008, p. 244). It can be also noted how men are also choosing to undergo cosmetic surgeries to enhance their physical images as well as worrying about aging and optioning to undergo surgery such as face lifts. The constant awareness of ones look and the desire to fit into the ideals of perfect physique, not only affects adults, but also children who from a young age are exposed to thoseShow MoreRelatedDisadvantages of Plastic Surgery1195 Words   |  5 PagesDRAFT OUTLINE DISADVANTAGES OF PLASTIC SURGERY I. Introduction Just like almost every other thing in the world, plastic surgery also has its own disadvantages such as causing addiction, leading to health problems and involving a highly cost procedure. II. Body A. Plastic surgery has the potential to become an addiction. (Casey Holley, 2011) 1. Patients have low self-esteem. (Casey Holley, 2011)

Women in Prehistory Gender in Mycenaean Essay Example For Students

Women in Prehistory: Gender in Mycenaean Essay Womans in Prehistory:Gender in Mycenaean Introduction In the ancient universe, there were societal functions made for different gender as males and females played different functions in the society. Evidence of the archaeological stuffs found in Crete provides information on the functions played by work forces and adult females in Minoan society, particularly to the Mycenaean Greeks. Some research workers, establishing on the grounds of the graphics have suggested that adult females in Mycenaean did non merely play a function of rise uping kids but besides played some other functions. Some research workers have suggested, during the same period, some adult females have more freedom in one civilization than those in other civilizations. Mycenaean Age ( 1600-1100 BC ) The Mycenaean age dates back to the Bronze Age around 1600 BC to 1100 BC. It is presently an archaeological site in Greece found in the Peloponnese, Southern Greece. The archaeological remains found at Mycenaean have great importance in stating about the history of the Mycenaean age and its civilization. The remains found at the castle in Mycenae and the sums of ownership found in the Gravess indicate the prosperity and richness of the Mycenaean civilisation. Before the Mycenaean period, the dominant civilization in Greece was the Minoan. The Mycenaean defeated the Minoan and therefore replacing it in the metropolis of Troy. The Mycenaean civilization was dominant around the chief metropoliss of Mycenae which include Pylos, Tiryns, Athens, Orchomenos, Thebes and Folkseir. The Mycenaean civilization besides was in the ruins of Knossos, one of the large metropoliss in the Minoan period. The combination of the Minoan and Mycenaean led to the coming up of a civilization found in Crete ( Anna 59 ) . The category variegation hapless and the rich during the Mycenaean become more constituted. More wealth was reserved for the male monarch and other royal governments. There was besides a great separation in gender, where the male and female had different functions to play in the society. The Mycenaean exhibited warrior civilization which was one of the functions played by work forces in the Mycenaean. The warriors in Mycenaean were besides prepared for the conflict as a manner of protecting the wealth and cultural hoarded wealths of the metropolis. They were besides great bargainers who maintained contact with other trade spouses like the Europe and the Mediterranean. The grounds of the outstanding constructions built during the Mycenaean period like great castles, Bridgess, abode and grave shows that they were besides great applied scientists ( Paul 75 ) . The History of Gender Structures and Role in the Ancient Greece Minoan civilisation ( ca. 2600–ca. 14,500 BCE ) was the earliest period of Grecian history. The Crete Island had many castles of extremely centralised civilization, whereas the Knossos was the most of import. Archaeological grounds of stuff remains of the Knossos civilization which comprise of pictures on the walls of the castles provide merely guesss and non clear grounds on the constructions of gender and their functions. Many pictures found have shown adult females looking active in public like adult females in athleticss of acrobat where they vault over the dorsums of bulls that are unsafe and besides taking portion in Minoan rites. But their mere presence as seen in the pictures does non precisely say about their function in the society. One can neer judge whether the participants in the acrobats were trained slaves, blue young persons or even captives who were fixing to be given as a forfeit. There were besides statues which suggested the Minoan faith chiefly worshipped goddess figures. However, this can non be used to do a decision about the high position of adult females in Minoan ( Chapman 74 ) . The Minoan art of picture besides depicted adult female holding white tegument and work forces with brown tegument. This suggests that the blue adult females in society led an inactive life in shelters and were seldom exposed to the outside universe, whereas work forces experienced the adversities of the outside universe through out-of-door undertakings like war, concern and agribusiness. The invasion of Aegean island and Greece by the Greek-speaking people led to the outgrowth of Mycenaean civilization ( ca. 1600–ca. 1100 BCE. ) by absorbing the Minoan civilization. Many verse forms like the Odyssey and Iliad and myths came from this period. The Mycenaean civilization was dominated by the blue warriors whose position was gained through triumph in the conflict and collection of loot from where they concur. The lives of adult females in Mycenaean were under the control of work forces, that is their hubbies, male parents and sometimes even by their boies. Men literally treated the adult females in Mycenaean below the belt. However, adult females had a opportunity to asseverate themselves through their strong influence on some powerful comparative male ( Shelton 62 ) . The Mycenaean cultured ended and Greece came into a dark age where the society split into single farmsteads and little small towns. The Role of Female in Mycenaean It is apparent that to Mycenaean did non conform to male dominance excessively much as evident in some other country. The archaeological grounds found indicate that adult females took portion in really of import functions in public life in the urban like being officials, decision makers ; they were besides priestesses and took portion in some athleticss that in most instances they are dominated by work forces like overleaping over bull which are unsafe. These athleticss which required a batch of bravery and high acrobatic accomplishments were dominated by both work forces and adult females. In Mycenaean, adult females were presented to be really adept in entrepreneurship and trade plants. They besides held political duties. Archaeological grounds suggests that most priests in Mycenaean were adult females. Despite the fact that most male monarchs in castles in Mycenaean were work forces, it is true that both the Mycenaean and Minoan society were non chiefly patriarchal. Most archaeologists believe that both the Mycenaean and the Minoan were matrilinear due to the grounds of their goddess faith ( Komita 66 ) . Most of the adult females in Mycenaean were non confined to the domestic domain in their operation. There is grounds that some adult females were cooks, Millers, Fullers, weavers, hosts, physicians, vocalists, cellar keepers, terpsichoreans and instrumentalists. In most instances such activities were associated with the temple and the castle which were the primary centres of finance and production in the Mycenaean. There were great workshops in the castles for fabric production, metalwork and other fabrication workshops. Women worked in these castles and therefore played a important function in the economic system of Mycenaean. Astronomy And Space Science: Your Bones in Space EssayThe warriors fought different conflicts emerging with the triumph and brought place prisoners who became slaves in Mycenaean. However, in about 1100 BCE Mycenaean was burned and destroyed most likely by the invading Dorian. Evidence shows that its being continued as a little metropolis provinces and the walls were non destroyed. 480 BC work forces of Mycenaean were sent to Thermopylae to contend against the Persians. In 479 BC the work forces of Mycenaean were at Plataea and in 470 BC, their neighbours Argos who were really aggressive and had been impersonal in the Persian war took retaliation by beleaguering Mycenaean. In 468 BC, the Argos defeated the Mycenaean warriors and it was destroyed ( Gagarin 94 ) . Most of the concern activities in Mycenaean were carried out by work forces. They were great bargainers who contacted other trade spouses from other states like the Europe and Mediterranean. In Mycenaean, work forces were besides instrumentalists and played really of import functions, particularly in spiritual maps. Most of the grounds found about instrumentalists, showed the male instrumentalists and they played their music in standing places. Apart from artistic representation of instrumentalists, there were besides remains of musical instruments that were found in Gravess of Mycenae where they were placed in the Gravess as valuable goods. From the grounds findings, we can reason that the musical instruments found are already discerned in percussion, air current and stringed instruments. Some of the most of import archaeological findings of musical instruments include the weaponries of tusk that came from Menidi and they had been formed into a duck caput and besides some parts of lyre that were found in the grave of Spatar and Mycenae ( Chadwick 70 ) . Separation in Gender in Mycenaean In Mycenaean though non much, but at that place was a difference between the functions played work forces and adult females and how they were treated in assorted fortunes. The rewards given to adult females and work forces for the work done was non equal despite even when they did a comparatively equal undertaking. For case, in Hittite context work forces were paid higher than adult females for comparatively tantamount labour. Harmonizing to Hittite Law Code in subdivision 158, wages for work forces and adult females who were hired during crop are indicated. Their payment was settled in steps of grain. In a month, a adult male received 10 steps while a adult female received either four or six. Sometimes, the wage for a adult male was 12 boodles of Ag while that for a adult female was six boodles. This is in the ratio of 2:1 for work forces and adult females severally ( Paul 58 ) . Harmonizing to the reading of tabular array B by many bookmans, adult females in Mycenaean received every bit half as much pay for the work they did as what work forces received. However, some bookmans have argued that the grounds from table B indicate an equal ratio of wheat and some other signifiers of payment used during the Mycenaean period for work forces and adult females. Another separation is besides seen in the spiritual affairs in Mycenaean where merely adult females were given the opportunity to take spiritual activities. Their bloody nature was considered to be more suited for reaching the deities unlike work forces. They, hence, led most of the spiritual maps in the society like the offering of forfeits and carry oning burial ceremonials. They besides prayed on behalf of their household and the whole society and interceded to the Gods on behalf of work forces. In the leading sector, there was besides separation where most of the leaders, including the male monarch were male. Women’s leading was merely limited to spiritual affairs. Men dominated most of the royal places in Mycenaean and had all the authorization. Men besides had much control of trade good belongings than adult females. They had entree to more trade goods in the society than adult females. All work forces, irrespective of their societal or economic position had much power over trade goods in the community some of which were owned by adult females. This showed a great lower status in the power of adult females over ownership of belongings ( Chapman 88 ) . Most of the lands in Mycenaean were owned by work forces except for the adult females who were priestesses and some few other adult females who were non priestesses but still owned some land. In this society, gender dealingss were apparent. Womans did presume their ain muliebrity, looking at how they wore their apparels every bit good as presuming a really critical function within their ain society. Some of the adult females still used to move into really important functions in the political relations of this society. This brought rather a passage in the Mycenaean society. Decision Unlike excessively many civilizations and society, it can be observed that the Mycenaean civilization had small differences in the functions played by work forces and adult females. Womans are seen to take portion in activities that would instead be suited for work forces. They perform good in different sectors merely like their male opposite numbers such as in athleticss, in occupations and in cultural and spiritual affairs. Plants cited Paul, A. Mycenaean Divinities . Northridge, CA: California State University. 2010. Retrieved 29 April 2015. Chapman, R. Changing Social Relations in the Mediterranean Copper and Bronze Ages . In Blake, Emma ; Knapp, A. Bernard. The Archaeology of Mediterranean Prehistory. Oxford and Malden: Blackwell Publishing. 2005: pp.77–101. Chadwick, J. â€Å"The Mycenaean World.† Cambridge University Press. 1976. Retrieved April 29 2015. Gagarin, M. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome1. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2010. Shelton, K. Living and Dying in and Around Middle Helladic Mycenae . In Philippa-Touchais, Anna, T. , Voutsaki, S. et Al. : The Grecian Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age ( Bulletin de CorrespondanceHellenique: Supplement, Volume 52 ) . Athinais: Ecolefrancaised’Athenes. 2010: pp.57–65. Komita, N. The Grave Circles at Mycenae and the Early Aryans . Research Reports of Ikutoku Technical University, ( A-7 ) , 1982: 59–70.