Analysis Of John Lewis s The Movement - 1666 Words

Segregation and civil rights movements are familiar words that reflects some of the good, bad and ugly pasts of the United States of America. Though these events had its history for many centuries, but its extension into modern times created a culture that almost truncated the amazing potentials that diversity has been destined to bring to the United States. John Lewis Memoir of the movement gave a definitive insight to this period in the American history. Congressman John Robert Lewis was the child of Willie and Eddie. He was born in February 21, 1940 in Pike County, Alabama, during the dark times in the history of the United States that witnessed segregation as a norms in a considerable part of the American society. On this†¦show more content†¦Josh owned a good portion of all of Pike County in Alabama. Upon arriving in his home town, he met with his mother, and siblings like Edwards, Sammy, Freddie and his cousins; must of which resides in other American cities, but reunion at their home town in Alabama. According to John R. Lewis, African American of Southern origin had endured so much struggle that there was a big exodus to bigger southern cities like Montgomery, Atlanta and Birmingham and even more migration northwards to cities like Detroit, Philadelphia and Chicago. Clearly, John Lewis has a strong traditional personality and he deeply cared about his family, background, roots, values and cultural inheritance. The narrative of their homes, neighborhood, soul food, characteristics of ancestors, great-grand parents, grandparents, parents cousins and friends reflects the strong values that exists in the African American community down south, according to John Lewis. Considering the prominent historical nature of black segregation, impact of civil war and inequality down south, it is natural to imagine the type of peasant life style that majority of African Americans were subjected to back in the days. The double standard reflects in every aspect of the society. For example, John narrated how a drug store, Byrd s Drugs, where you can buy Coca-Cola, but as a black person you will have to take your drink outside, though there had an area in the

An Analysis of Neutral Tones by Thomas Hardy Essay

An Analysis of Neutral Tones by Thomas Hardy We stood by a pond that winter day, (1) This line indicates a still quietness, with lack of the movement of life. There is a vast difference in appearance and movement around a pond in winter and a pond in the midst of summer. This indicates no leaves, and no visible signs of life. The poet is painting a stark and lifeless scene. And the sun was white, as though chidden of God,(2) This is indicative of the modernist approach to light as being too harsh and not a positive factor. Chidden means scolded, rebuked, or even blamed. God is not looking favorably upon these people. And a few leaves lay on the starving sod;(3) Leaves fall from trees when they are dead, and the†¦show more content†¦This stanza ties in with the first stanza and lets the reader know it is the beautiful love between these two people that is dying on this cold winter day. The smile on your mouth was the deadest thing(9) is a very telling line. She is pretending to be kind and to smile, but he sees through her and knows it is false. Her smile appears deader to him than the fallen leaves do. Alive enough to have strength to die; /And a grin of bitterness swept thereby (10-11). These lines show that the poet realizes some life in her smile, but not what he wants to see. There is a difference between a genuinely happy smile and a forced grin, and the latter is what he sees on her face. Like an ominous bird a-wing...(12) foretells her leaving him. He is seeing in her forced grin an omen of bad luck. Many people see owls as an omen of death if they hoot outside their window for seven nights in a row. It is in this sense that the poet speaks of her dead smile. Since then, keen lessons that love deceives, (13). This line is a reflective line from the poet on his feelings of her deceit toward him. He loved her and she broke his heart by lying to him. And wrings with wrong, have shaped to me(14) tells that she wronged him and changed him because of it. Your face, and the God-curst sun, and a tree, / And a pond edged with grayish leaves(15-16). He will never get out of his mind that moment in time. Her face, the sun, a tree,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Neutral Tones By Thomas Hardy1056 Words   |  5 Pagesto be completely numb. Throughout the following poems â€Å"Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?†, â€Å"My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun†, â€Å"The Flea†, and Thomas Hardy’s â€Å"Neutral Tones† the authors all share their experiences about love, with a major emphasis on the hardships that come with love. In Thomas Hardy’s poem â€Å"Neutral Tones† written in 1867, he reflects back on his past and the lessons he learned from it. By portraying his sadness throughout the poem he pushes the readers to recognizeRead MoreNeutral Tones by Thomas Hardy1653 Words   |  7 PagesNeutral Tones by Thomas Hardy (1867) Neutral Tones BY  THOMAS HARDY We stood by a pond that winter day, And the sun was white, as though chidden of God, And a few leaves lay on the starving sod;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ They had fallen from an ash, and were gray. Your eyes on me were as eyes that rove Over tedious riddles of years ago; And some words played between us to and fro   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On which lost the more by our love. The smile on your mouth was the deadest thing Alive enough to haveRead MoreThomas Hardy Poems16083 Words   |  65 Pagesit joy lies slain, And why unblooms the best hope ever sown? --Crass Casualty obstructs the sun and rain, And dicing Time for gladness casts a moan.... These purblind Doomsters had as readily strown Blisses about my pilgrimage as pain. HAP ANALYSIS Firstly the word hap means that which happens by chance. The poem is a sonnet, although it is presented as three stanzas in that the traditional octave is split into two stanzas each of four lines and the sestet is a stanza on its own. TheRead MoreLove and Death Poem Analysis2154 Words   |  9 PagesPOETRY – Poems about Love DIRECTIONS: Discuss the attitude/tone of the poem and the theme in your small groups. Afterward, write down your conclusions regarding the tone and theme of poems about a similar subject. |â€Å"The Quiet World† |â€Å"Flirtation† |â€Å"Song: To Celia |â€Å"love is more thicker than forget† |â€Å"Neutral Tones† | | | Read MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesï » ¿TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS The purpose of Text Interpretation and Analysis is a literary and linguistic commentary in which the reader explains what the text reveals under close examination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model†Read MoreGilt Groupe12605 Words   |  51 PagesCase 3 Guilty as Charged [pic] 1. Perform a SWOT Analysis for Gilt Groupe. 2. Looking at your SWOT, what is the single greatest threat facing GG? How would you react to this challenge? What strategy would you follow or propose? 3. Looking at your SWOT, what is the single greatest opportunity facing GG? How would you go about taking advantage of this opportunity? What strategy would you follow or propose? 4. Five years from now, where do you see GG? A success? A failureRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesLine 58 Understanding and Appreciating Individual Differences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making and Values 72 Cognitive Style 74 Attitudes Toward Change 76 Core Self-Evaluation 79 SKILL ANALYSIS 84 Cases Involving Self-Awareness 84 Communist Prison Camp 84 Computerized Exam 85 Decision Dilemmas 86 SKILL PRACTICE 89 Exercises for Improving Self-Awareness Through Self-Disclosure 89 Through the Looking Glass 89 Diagnosing Managerial CharacteristicsRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Pagesway to ensure that strategy is controlled in one mind is to keep the process simple (182). However, this point, together with the first, forced Andrews to tread a fine line throughout his text between nonconscious intuition on one side and formal analysis on the other, a position he characterized as an act of judgment (108). This distinguishes the design school from the entrepreneurial school on one side and the planning and especially positioning schools on the other. 4. Strategies should be oneRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages(Madison, WI: Mendota House/Irwin, 2011) Other Interests Although he cannot keep up (literally!) with Dr. Robbin’s accomplishments on the track, Dr. Judge enjoys golf, cooking and baking, literature (he’s a particular fan of Thomas Hardy and is a member of the Thomas Hardy Society), and keeping up with his three children, who range in age from 23 to 9. Preface Welcome to the fifteenth edition of Organizational Behavior! Long considered the standard for all organizational behavior textbooksRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesStrategic and marketing analysis 2 Marketing auditing and the analysis of capability 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Learning objectives Introduction Reviewing marketing effectiveness The role of SWOT analysis Competitive advantage and the value chain Conducting effective audits Summary 3 Segmental, productivity and ratio analysis 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 Learning objectives Introduction The clarification of cost categories Marketing cost analysis: aims and methods An illustration

Inca Empire Significance Free Essays

string(42) " are responsible for two main inventions\." What made the Incan Empire so historically significant? Rachael Cardenas Block 6B From 1438 to 1535, the Incan Empire made a historical impact. The Incan Empire was located in South America on the western coast in the present countries of Peru. (Tagle. We will write a custom essay sample on Inca Empire Significance or any similar topic only for you Order Now ) Three-fourths of the Empire was located within present day Peru. Since the rule of the Empire did descend through familial ties, the ruling emperor was chosen on account by his family dynasty. (Hutagalung. ) The empire of the Incas merits importance and note due to its contributing factors of roads, agriculture, and medicine. The Incas’ construction of roads was the most impressive contribution of public works than any other ancient culture. The roads in total were estimated to be 14,000 miles of paved roads and bridges. What made the building of the roads so remarkable was the diversity of the land such as swamps, mountains, valleys, snow, and deserts. Since the area surrounding the roads by the coast was dusty, the Incas built them on causeways to keep them free from sand being blown or pegging out. (Baudin. ) Likewise, the roads near the swamps were built on stone viaducts. In high regions where there was high rain or snowfall, the Incas paved the roads with cobblestones or flagstones. Also, the steep slopes were stabilized by means of steps, which cut into living rock. The accomplishment of these different types of roads was significant to history because it demonstrates that the Incas were able to maintain proper road structure throughout the Empire despite the obstacles each region’s natural environment presented. (Hutagalung. ) There were two main roads which connected the north and south territories along the coast and along the Andes Mountains. These two main roads were linked to a shorter network of roads within each of the two territories. However, later there was another major creation of roads that was called the Andean Royal road; this road was over 3,500 miles long, which is longer than the longest Roman road. This road extended from Quito, Ecuador in the north, passed through Cajamarca and Cusco, and ended close to Tucuman, Argentina. (Baudin. ) Some of the smaller road networks as well as the Andean Royal road were used so often that they became permanently part of the landscape. As a result, these roads remain critical, modern-day arteries of transportation. A noteworthy fact about the Incan roads was that the roads never experience the roll of a wheel or the stomp of a horses’ foot because the Incas did not know the existence of the wheel and there were no horse natural to the area. (Martin. ) For the transportation of goods from one part of the empire to another, the Incas used llamas. The llamas also assisted Incan travelers in their travels between the north and the south territories. The roads of the Incan empire were a key factor in communication between territories. Throughout the Empire, messengers, or chasquis, carried information using these essential road networks. These messengers were chosen from the fittest and strongest men of young males. (Kruschandl. ) They lived in cabins, or tambos, in groups of four to six. If one was tired and needed to rest, another one would meet him and try to memorize the message; in this way the tired one could rest in the cabin, or tanpu, while the other continued the messages’ delivery to its final destination. (Baudin. Since these messengers lived on the roads, the tanpu always had food and clothing available for the messengers. A chasquis would travel more than 300 miles every day. Communication of important messages and transportation of essential goods flowed easily due to the combination of the well-constructed roads and logically developed messenger system. (Hutagalung. ) Also, because the military commanders o f the Empire could easily move troops, they could quickly bring control where there was trouble. Priests, herders, or leisurely travelers are other examples who used the Incan roads. In brief, the roads of the Incan Empire were not only a great benefit to its people who made use of it every day, but also to the Incan ruling class who demonstrated the power of the Incan state. The agriculture of the Incan Empire included every type of environment imaginable. The Incas developed an agricultural system so that plants could grow in such assorted surroundings. They were able to grow enough food to feed 15 million people with ancient technology and as well to have a 3 to 7 year surplus. In this way, the Incas grew a diverse set of plants compared to current systems of agriculture. Martin. ) The Incan farmers were great farmers; farming a dozen root crops, such as three grains, three legumes, and more than a dozen fruits. The three staple crops were potatoes, corn, and quinoa. In this case, the seeds of quinoa were used to produce flour, soups, and cereal. Similarly, corn was special to the Incas and used in religious ceremonies. In fact, they also used the corn to make a drink called chicha. (Baudin. ) More importantly, the Incas were the first civilization to harvest and plant potatoes. The Incas produced over 200 hundred potatoes; a remarkable harvest for a type of plant. This allowed the Incas more choices of what to plant; so the Incan people can feed their families which the wealth of the Empire kept flowing. In addition, the Incas were able to grow tomatoes, avocados, beans, peppers, squash, and coco leaves to make chocolate. These plants, as well as others, were grown and sold in markets in the Andes Mountains by Indian, rural peasants. Correspondingly, several of these crops were exported to European countries: some of the crops were potatoes, peppers, lima beans, and tomatoes. (Martin. However, since a majority of the Incan crops were not exported, many of these crops were unknown outside of the Andes Mountains. (Baudin. ) The planting and harvesting of all of the crops supported the Incan Empire through an established, thriving distribution system. The Incas are responsible for two main inventions. You read "Inca Empire Significance" in category "Papers" The Incas invented the first freeze-dry method of storage. The Incas first left their food out in the cold to freeze. Second, they stamped on the frozen food to squeeze out the water. Lastly, they left their stamped on food in the sun to dry. This freezing method worked; if they wanted to use dehydrated foods, they just added water to the foods. This type of freezing method assisted the Incas greatly because they were able to save their food without risk of it going bad. (Martin. ) Terrace gardening was another development that the Incas invented. The Incas carved steps of flat land up on the side of the mountain to create flat land for farming use. This allowed the terraces to keep rainwater from running off and also reduced erosion. As a result of this success, the government built aqueducts to carry water to farmlands for irrigation purposes. Baudin. ) These agricultural inventions and successes increased productivity and resulted in the farming of the Incas to expand to the farming areas. Above all, the agriculture of the Incas allowed the economy to keep flowing with trade and commerce. In terms of medicine, the Incas made many discoveries. Felipe Guaman Poma, or known best as Huaman Poma, was a man born in 1550 in P eru. (Tagle. ) He wrote the complete historical manuscript of information of the medicine practice in the Incan civilization. Today scholars now know that the Incan medicine was a complex ix of different medical treatments and specialties. The Incas considered that the cause of all the sicknesses were by the act of supernatural forces. They also believed that sins against the gods, lies, as well as breaking Inca laws were enough reasons to become ill. The cures for the sicknesses were combinations of minerals and herbs, followed by magic spells and prayers. The Incan medicine was known to treat sicknesses in the immune system effectively. (Tagle. ) The Incan people had treatments which allowed the increase of natural production of white cells; including the end of the progress of some diseases. The Incas were able to cure their people with this knowledge that they had of medicine. (Kruschandl. ) The Incas had three types of doctors who worked in partnership. The first type of doctors was known as Watukk. The job of Watukk was to find out the cause of the sickness; he did this by researching the daily life of the patient. He explored the emotional, physical, and pathological health of the patient. The Watukk was responsible for pinpointing the correct diagnosis of the patient’s illness. The second type of doctor was known as the Hanpeq, who would then apply his medical knowledge about the diagnosed disease. He would combine and connect the properties of herbs and minerals treat the patient. He also paid special attention to ensure that the post-treatment was accurate and enabled the patient to become healed. Today, the Hanpeq is what we call a Shaman: a religious, mystical, and natural medicine doctor. The last type of doctor was known as the Paqo. He was known to treat the soul of the patient. The Incan doctors believed that the soul lived in the heart of the patient. His major obligation was to harmonize the spiritual health with the physical health. In addition because a patient’s body could have varied reactions to a treatment, the Paqo monitored the patient’s treatment. Generally speaking, the Paqo was responsible for minimizing any possibility of a negative reaction to the patient. (Kruschandl. ) The Incan Empire also had other individuals and doctors who would help patients through the use of supernatural means. Incan medicine had so many complexities: it classified and treated sadness, anxiety, depression, anger, regret, just to name a few. Some Incan medicine addressed psychological illnesses such as insanity, madness, dementia, or grief. Incans also performed skull surgeries. The patient had a remarkable 90% chance for survival, which is extraordinary due to the materials and knowledge of the Incan doctors. When in the surgeries; the Incan doctors performed maneuvers in the wounds that were so precise that hardly any cases of infection were documented. Scholars today have few manuscripts that explain how the Incan doctors worked; however, most of the precious Incan knowledge has been destroyed. (Tagle. ) The text The History of the Incas portrays how a doctor’s knowledge was passed from father to son. If the son was skilled enough, the family would send him to gain education in an Incan school of medicine in the city of Cusco. As a student could go to medical school in present day today, the scholar back then would learn advanced techniques and gather the knowledge of Incan medicine taught by the Amautas. The Amautas were people who dedicated their entire lives in search for answers so that they could pass down knowledge and wisdom to the next generations. (Tagle. ) Therefore, the Incan Empire was advanced in medicine due to their medical discoveries and accomplishments. Aiding in the Incan medical advancements, a medical student would go to an Incan medical school for three to five years, depending on the skill level of the student. The education was rigorous, as the scholar had to learn and use herbs and mineral properties. The scholars would then learn the correct quantities of cures needed for cures. (Kruschandl. ) The professors taught the students how to discover the sicknesses and how to cure them. When the student finished medical school, he had to spend various years in practice before he was considered ready to be a doctor. Because of the rigorous process an Incan doctor had to endure, Incan medicine made great advancements during its time. (Tagle. ) All in all, the Incans were able to achieve a variety of inventions in the fields of road construction, agriculture, and medicine. The Incan Empire’s had many accomplishments and discoveries helped to create a noteworthy empire, despite not having as many resources as the Roman Empire. MLA Works Citied Section Baudin, Louis. â€Å"Incan Roads. † World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. 12 April 2012: n. page. Print. http://ancienthistory. abc-clio. com/Search/Display/601348? terms=incan Empire. Hutagalung, Michael. â€Å"Inca Roads and Chasquis. † discover Peru: Peru Cultural Society. July 2005: n. page. Print. http://www. discover-peru. org/inca-roads-chasqui/. Kruschandl, Nelson. â€Å"Inca Medicine. † THE INCAS. 2007: n. page. Web. 18 Apr. 2012. http://www. solarnavigator. net/history/incas. htm. Martin, Phillip. â€Å"The Inca Empire-Terrace Farming. † Incredible Incas. 2008: n. page. Web. 18 Apr. 2012. http://incas. mrdonn. org/farming. html. Tagle, Alex. â€Å"Inca Medicine. † Peru Travel Confidential. 2009: n. page. Print. http://www. peru-travel-confidential. com/peru-travel. html. How to cite Inca Empire Significance, Papers

Removal of the Cherokee Essay Example For Students

Removal of the Cherokee Essay In The Cherokee Removal, Perdue and Green show the trials that the Cherokee faced in the years from 1700 to 1840. This book shows how the Americans tried to remove these Indians from the southeastern part of the United States. The Cherokees tried to overcome the attempts of removal, but finally in 1838, they were removed from the area. The Cherokees lived in the valleys of rivers that drained the southern Appalachians (Perdue, 1). The British first came into Cherokee country in 1700. They came for two major reasons: deerskins and war captives. They brought guns and ammunition, metal knives, hoes, hatchets, fabrics, kettles, rum, and trinkets. They took the Cherokee and made them slaves. The British built two forts to protect the Cherokees while they were fighting the enemies of the British. The Cherokees entered the French and Indian War on the side of the British (Perdue, 6). Attacks on Cherokees by white frontiersmen and duplicity by colonial officials caused the Cherokees to shift their allegiance to the French. During the war, the British destroyed many Cherokee towns. The war the American Revolution caused many British settlers to push westward. These settlers began to compete with the Cherokees for land. The Cherokee were glad when the Proclamation of 1763 was put into effect. This prevented settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains. Most of the settlers became enemies. The settlers attacked the Cherokees, destroying many towns and killing many people. This attack caused the Cherokees to end their participation in the American Revolution. The American colonist continued to take over the Cherokee land. In 1783, the American Revolution ended. Since most of the Cherokees helped the British in the Revolutionary War, the Americans needed to make peace with them. Then in1785, the treaty of Hopewell was signed (Perdue 8). This was a peace treaty between the Cherokee and the Americans. This treaty defined the Cherokees boundaries and it gave them the right to get rid of unwanted settlers. The states of Georgia and North Carolina ignored this treaty. The people of these states expanded into Cherokee land, and the Cherokees continued to resist. The Americans needed to come up with another system. Henry Knox was gave the task to come up with this new system. Knox came up with a system that would make expansion possible without detriment to the Indians (Perdue 10). Knox hoped to end the fighting between the Cherokees and the Americans that was caused by expansion. Knox, along with George Washington, believed that the Indians were uncivilized. However, this lack of civilization was cultural, not racial. They thought that the Cherokees could become civilized if they were taught how to become civilized. They also believed that the United States should buy the land that the settlers illegally took from the Indians, and strictly obstruct further encroachment. This new system was called the Treaty of Holston (Perdue 11). It went into effect in July 1791. This treaty called for the civilization of the Indians. The civilization program was a major part of this new treaty. The Cherokee culture went through some drastic changes. Schools were set up to instruct the Indians. Men farmed instead of hunting. They established some of their own laws. In 1827, the Cherokees wrote a constitution that provided for a bicameral legislature, a chief executive, and a judicial system (Perdue 13). The Americans tried to make the Indians become Christians. They developed their own writing system. They even began to publish their own newspaper called the Cherokee Phoenix (Perdue 14). The Cherokees became more civilized than in the past. The Cherokees tried to become civilized to make their relationship with the Americans better. .ud35a24ca3260c295efce218c2ef096d9 , .ud35a24ca3260c295efce218c2ef096d9 .postImageUrl , .ud35a24ca3260c295efce218c2ef096d9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud35a24ca3260c295efce218c2ef096d9 , .ud35a24ca3260c295efce218c2ef096d9:hover , .ud35a24ca3260c295efce218c2ef096d9:visited , .ud35a24ca3260c295efce218c2ef096d9:active { border:0!important; } .ud35a24ca3260c295efce218c2ef096d9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud35a24ca3260c295efce218c2ef096d9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud35a24ca3260c295efce218c2ef096d9:active , .ud35a24ca3260c295efce218c2ef096d9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud35a24ca3260c295efce218c2ef096d9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud35a24ca3260c295efce218c2ef096d9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud35a24ca3260c295efce218c2ef096d9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud35a24ca3260c295efce218c2ef096d9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud35a24ca3260c295efce218c2ef096d9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud35a24ca3260c295efce218c2ef096d9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud35a24ca3260c295efce218c2ef096d9 .ud35a24ca3260c295efce218c2ef096d9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud35a24ca3260c295efce218c2ef096d9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Color Purple - The Struggle To Express Themselves EssayAmerican views on the Indians changed. They became racially prejudiced against the Cherokee. They now thought that Indians could never become fully civilized. The Americans thought the Cherokees had no place in the American society. The Americans wanted to justify removal of the Indians to lands in the west. This would make more room for the increasing population of the Americans. The Americans insisted that the Indians sell their land. Most of the Cherokees refused to sell their land, but a small number of Cherokees accepted the offer and moved west. Since the Cherokee refused to sell the land, the Americans thoug ht the only way to get rid of them was to remove them. When Andrew Jackson was elected president in 1828, he begged Congress to adopt the removal plan. There was no other way to take control of the Cherokee land. The law stated that land could be purchased only by treaty. The Cherokee did not agree to sell their land through a treaty. So the Indian Removal Act was passed on May 28, 1830 (Perdue 18). The Cherokees would not go down easily. They went to the United States Supreme Court to protect their rights. In Worcester v. Georgia, the Court ruled in favor of Cherokee sovereignty (Perdue 19). Georgia went ahead and established a land lottery. This allowed citizens to take over Cherokee land. This only caused more trouble between the two cultures. The Cherokees began to have mixed feelings about removal. A group of Cherokees called the Treaty Party wanted to negotiate a treaty for removal. In the spring of 1836, the Treaty of New Echota was ratified (Perdue 20). It gave them two years to prepare for removal. Many of the Cherokees, led by John Ross, protested this treaty. However, in the winter of 1838-1839, all of the Cherokees headed west toward Oklahoma. This removal of the Cherokees is now known, as the Trail of Tears was a very gruesome event. During the trip from the southern United States to current day Oklahoma, many of the Cherokees died. Shortly after their arrival in Ok lahoma, they began to rebuild. They began tilling fields, sending their children to school, and attending Council meetings (Perdue 170). The Cherokees were very civilized in dealing with the trails of removal. These people endured more than any other group of people throughout history. They played within the rules in their struggle. They did not want to start a war with the Americans. The Cherokees resisted removal and took it to court. Despite all of their tries to keep their land, they were removed. Work CitedGreen, Michael D., and Theda Perdue, eds. The Cherokee Removal: A brief History with Documents. New York: Bedford Books of St. Martins Press, 1995.

Research Proposal on Deforestation Research Paper Example

Research Proposal on Deforestation Paper Deforestation is the process of the cutting down of forests for various purposes. Forests are cut down, because people require more territories for agriculture, cattle, more the building of towns, villages and roads. Moreover, the problem of deforestation appears under the effect of the natural influence, for example, storm, flooding, draught, fire, acid rains etc. But it is obvious that all these problems are caused by the human activity. So, the key reason of deforestation is not the simple logging of wood, but the neglect of planting new trees on the place of the cut down ones. As a result, the territory becomes free of trees which can cause the problem of deserting, when great open territories with poor soil are substituted with deserts. The problem of deforestation is extremely urgent nowadays, because nearly every country destroys vast territories of its forests and uses these territories for their purposes causing serious problems for the natural environment. Deforestation causes serious problems which affect nature, human life and well-being badly. Cutting down forests people reduce the quality of the air, as trees are the main producers of oxygen. The quantity of nitrogen rises and the quantity of oxygen reduces, which causes the greenhouse effect and a range of diseases. Then, deforestation causes soil erosion, because trees protect soil from the power of the wind, and when the place is open, wind simply blows down the soil and the territory becomes a desert. Finally, forest is a home for the great number of animals and plants, most of which are today are nearly extinct. Destroying forests people kill animals and affect flora and fauna badly. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Deforestation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Deforestation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Deforestation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The problem of deforestation is extremely urgent, because forests are cut down intensively. A range of international organizations try to protect forests, especial rain forests of South America but their success is very poor. If a student wants to prepare a good deforestation research proposal, he should study the problem in detail and persuade the reader in the importance of the topic. The purpose of the research proposal is to introduce something new into the topic under research and convince the professor, that your ideas are valuable enough to write a great research paper on it. Many students do not know how to complete a persuasive piece of writing correctly, so they apply for help in the Internet. It is easy to find a good free sample research proposal on deforestation written by an expert and improve your writing skills and knowledge on the topic seriously. Nearly every free example research proposal on deforestation is useful to understand how to format the paper well and how to create a proper logical structure for the paper and finally how to analyze the topic well. At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research proposal on any topics you need. Your research paper proposal will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research proposal help at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all proposal details:

The Struggle of the Superpowers essays

The Struggle of the Superpowers essays The origins of the Cold War were, some say, a battle of ideological governments (communism vs capitalism). However, I believe the origins of the Cold war are set between two superpowers, both struggling for control of the world. During WW2, the U.S.A. and Russia were teamed together to fight against Facisim and Nazism. Once the enemy had been defeated, all that was left was two Superpowers. Of course, being human and sinners, they could not work together as one but instead, they turned against each other. The fact that Russian was communist was coincidental. In 1835 (13 years before communism was introduced) Alexis de Tocqueville wrote There are at the present time two great nations in the world, which started from different points, but seem to tend towards the same end. I allude to the Russians and Americans....Their starting point is different, and their courses are not the same, yet each of them seems marked out by the will of heaven to sway the destinies of half the globe. If we today look at the modern country of America, we will see a world superpower, mainly concerned about its self. Before the Cold War the U.S.A. used communism to its own advantage. They told the non-communist world how bad the communists were in a bid to sway the rest of the world against communism. Both of the countries were trying to take over the world. LaFeber says, The two powers did not initially come into conflict because one was communist and the other capitalist. Rather, they first confronted one another on the plains of Asia in the late nineteenth century. That meeting climaxed a century in which American had expanded westward over half the globe and Russia had moved eastward across Asia. Therefore, the Americans were not fighting against communism, but fighting against a fellow superpower. After Russian became communist in 1917, they did not change one bit in its worldview. Even though the country was no ...

Inception Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Inception - Essay Example This technology may be said to be extremely restricted to a single digital page; it exhibits the multimedia element contents in an outstanding framework, which aids in making the rhetorical structure appear explicit. Within an auto run mode, the duration of this system may be said to be considerably few minutes and could be said to provide support to a number of genres from literature narratives to scientific papers, artistic happenings etc. It could be said to be close and compatible with a number of state of art presentation systems; its uniqueness may be exhibited through the fact that it might be able to make a provision of cognitive formats and explicit constraints, which might in turn catalyze the guide compositions and understanding of the authors. These constraints may be said to have been designed hard in order to enable the system to turn into an art form e.g. the sonnet or the Haiku in poetry. A way of supporting interpretation Interpretation may be referred to a co-constr uction process that exists between the subject’s interpretive system and the data presented. An understanding of this would be fast and easy when the data under review would be presented within a rhetorical style and language conversant with the subjects; and in case they could be able to depend on shared knowledge. For example, a paper based on scientific information may be said to have desired structure that offers guidance to the reader, at times in an explicit manner through the use of subtitles (authors, title, material, abstract, methods, conclusions, references, etc). Cognitive constraints placed on the author may be said to impact the burden of making a provision of objects or elements in order to make the recipient’s understanding easy. Ensuring the sharing of cognitive templates may facilitate the understanding, indexing, evaluation and writing of the authors. This may be the reason why these templates for written posters, papers or sometimes video clips ofte n have to be provided by conference organizers. Most papers may be said to considerably depend on the multimedia data (e.g. sounds, pictures, animations, virtual reality and videos) because the real material of research or creation (simulations, collected data, and mock ups) could have an origin based on multimedia presentation. It would be critical to make use of the cognitive multimedia presentation format or a set of guidelines. It would be viable to refer to clipspace as such a format. Describing complex structures A fair number of presentations often narrow down to making descriptions of an object, within a general philosophical sense. A number of objects may be said to be simple in their shape and a little easy to make descriptions in text to the eye of the mind. Some (e.g. pictures, plans, music etc) may be best represented through multimodal technique (by use of every sense simultaneously). Although the key restriction to every description may be one’s restricted abil ity to account for several details simultaneously within his perception, unless viewed within a global pattern. Thus, according to the human mind, exposition may be said to often be provided linear bandwidths’ flows. Most people view a movie or film within a temporal succession, read a text in minute bits but never at once, etc. From all these restrictions sprouts a general issue of rhetoric (together with the general science), meaning; to make divisions of the object subject to presentation and to make arrangement of an order for

Malcolm X (in the text, he calls himself Detroit Red) Essay

Malcolm X (in the text, he calls himself Detroit Red) - Essay Example This is the real situation for most hustlers. They would pass as executives or people high on the corporate lane. Beneath these lives they live, they are illiterate. Although he had little formal education, Malcolm X spent his time in prison trying to educate himself using the dictionary. Then with time, he was able to make simple logical grammatical sentences which came in handy when writing letters. His efforts also paid off because he started understanding books when he read them. Although the prison authorities were aware of the letters that Malcolm wrote, they did not say anything to him about them. He believes that during that time, the white man knew he was the devil. During the time, there was widespread knowledge that the white man was responsible in a way for the black man’s condition. Malcolm X was filled with the desire to use his writing skills to educate about Allah and Islam. His desire to learn more led to his dedicated study of the dictionary. From this he taught himself to read and write. This expressly shows how someone can achieve their desires with dedication and a little investment in time (Benson and Cosgrove,

Thinking about Publishing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thinking about Publishing - Essay Example when you think of authors, what do you think motivates authors to want to publish their work, and why do you think they might choose the specific forms they choose like printed books, ebooks, blogs, newspapers, etc? Authors publish their works with an aim of disseminating their written work to the public in a more appealing way. The published information can either be fictional or non-fictional. Publishing non-fictional works has always been a valid choice for many authors, especially those who have a solid foundation as well as means of distribution (Konrath). 3. What are some different formats of published work and specific publications you yourself generally read? Be as specific as you can. (This could include websites, newspapers, magazines, email newsletters, books, ebooks, textbooks, novels, comics, etc!) There are different formats of published works. These formats include books, textbooks, novels, magazines, websites, and newspapers, among other formats. In book publishing, there are different types of book publishers, depending on the market of the book. Those who publish books found in most bookstores are professional publishers, academic publishers, and self-publishing services (Konrath). 4. In your own life, what are some interesting things youve noticed about publishing? This might include changes youve seen over the course of your life (like maybe you bought an e-reader and your experience of books changed). Or it might include differences you see between publishing in the US and publishing in another country where youve lived or visited. Or it might include your experiences reading articles for school online vs. reading printed textbooks. Anything that comes to mind is great! In my entire academic life I have witnessed a lot when it comes to publishing. I have seen many changes in the course of my life. I once bought an e-reader which totally changed my experience of books. In addition, in the course of visiting different countries to pursue my

Examining The Historical Development Of Criminology Criminology Essay

Examining The Historical Development Of Criminology Criminology Essay Although it there is some debate on the historical development of criminology, there is agreement that by the beginning of the 1960s there was a recognisable academic discipline in the form of modern criminology in Britain (Tierney, 2006). Nic Groombrigde (2001: 202) defined pathology as an unhealthy deviation from the norm which is located in the individual at the level of genes, hormones or psyche. Ultimately this implies criminality is the result of abnormality; i.e. that which is not normal. Criminologists have come up with various theories as to why people commit crime and recommended responses, and this essay will explore whether criminality is pathological with reference to variants of classical, positivist and social constructionist theories. Classical criminology believes the offender is free-willed, rational and normal, whereas positivist approaches suggests the offender is determined, and pathological. Social constructionist theories suggest the offender is a product of cu ltural and political influences. The main difference between the three theories is whether or not individuals are rational decision makers or not, i.e. if they are pathological or not. In the eighteenth century classical criminology emerged as a response to the cruel forms of punishment that dominated. It was centrally concerned with creating a reformed, efficient system of justice that would better regulate social order in industrial society (Tierney, 2006: 50). Two main writers who helped to achieve this were Cesare de Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham. Beccaria wanted punishment to be certain, in order to deter people from committing criminal acts. He also believed that if one was punished quickly they would associate crime with punishment, and that the punishment should be severe enough to deter future criminal behaviour (Newburn, 2007: 116). Benthams work involved the pleasure-pain principle, so any pleasure to be gained from crime should be outweighed by the pain inflicted in punishment. Classical theory is based on the assumption of free will (i.e. not pathology), with criminal activity being the result of rational choice of the individual; who is acting on a cost -benefit analysis. The aim of punishment was to make it proportionate to crime in order to deter people from committing criminal acts. At this stage in criminology, the emphasis was on the criminal act rather than the individual committing it, so there was no differentiation between the criminal and the non-criminal. Classical theory has impacted modern criminology massively, with the idea of punishment being proportionate to the criminal act still being used by modern criminal justice systems. It also helped capital punishment be abolished, and heightened the awareness for the need for prisons. However, a major criticism of classicism is the fact that it is normative rather than empirical; based on values rather than evidence. It also assumes criminal activity is the result of rational thought, therefore it suggests children should be treated in the same way as adults, and does not make exceptions for those who are mentally ill or those with learning difficulties (Tierney, 2006). In contrast to classical criminology, the positivist approach focuses on features within the individual that cause criminal activity; i.e. criminality is pathological (Newburn, 2007: 114). It emerged in the late nineteenth century and claimed to promote the scientific study of society, replacing opinion with empirical evidence and science (Treadwell, 2006: 34). Treadwell (2006) also believes positivism in criminology wanted to predict and explain future patterns of social behaviour using secondary data (statistical). It sees crime as pre-determined (and therefore uncontrollable) rather than expressions of free will. Positivism spans biological, psychological and sociological attempts to explain the causes of crime. One key writer in biological positivism is Cesare Lombroso who suggested a criminal was not made by society but rather born that way (i.e. criminality is pathological). Lombroso even went as far as to say that deviation in head size could be an indicator of criminality a n idea now discredited (Newburn, 2007). If biological theories are considered along with psychological and sociological theories, then they can help explain criminality. However, on its own, it lacks scientific evidence, and can lead to eugenics; proposing the removal of those who are inferior (e.g. Nazi Germany targeting the disabled, homosexuals (Treadwell, 2006). In psychological positivism, Hans Eysenck was a key thinker, who believed it was possible to chart human personality on three scales: extroversion, neuroticism and psychoticsm. Exaggeration of traits would lead to anti-social behaviour (Treadwell, 2006). Psychological positivism considers psychology as an explanation for criminality which includes an individuals reasoning, personality, memory, intelligence etc. Biological and psychological positivism are useful for the government because they draw attention away from social conditions (Newburn, 2007). Sociological positivism explains criminality with reference to social circumstances and factors external to the individual, so moves away from pathology. One example of sociological theory is strain by Robert Merton (1938). He looked at why crime was more prevalent in lower class areas, and found inequality between goals in society (e.g. wealth) and the means to achieve them (e.g. education needed for wealth was not available to everyone). Merton suggested this motivation to achieve goals led to frustration and a motive for criminal activity. Treatment in positivism should be immediate and should fit the needs of the offender. Whereas classical theory looks at the offense, and positivism focuses on the offender, social constructionist theory looks at the social reaction to deviance. This theory does not suggest pathology is the reason for criminal acts, rather that individuals are responding to being labelled due to political and cultural influences (similar to sociological positivism). The theory suggests criminals are created by those with the power to label behaviour as offensive. Emile Durkheim (1895) sums this up by saying that what confers a criminal character is not the intrinsic quality of a given act but that definition which the collective conscience lends them. The object of study is to question why some acts are labelled criminal, while others are not. There is also the question of why some people are more prone to being labelled than others, and the consequences of labelling. Thomas (1928: 572) stated that if we define situations as real, they are real in their consequences. Labelling theory e merged in the late 1930s due to the work of Frank Tannenbaum on juvenile delinquents; where he concluded that delinquents are good children committing bad acts, who are then labelled as bad and continue in that manner (Newburn, 2007). Another aspect of labelling theory is Mertons self fulfilling prophecy which he described as; in the beginning, a false definition of the situation evoking a new behaviour which makes the originally false conception come true (1968: 477). Edwin Lemert distinguished between two types of deviance; primary and secondary. He stated that primary deviance occurs in a variety of social cultural and psychological contexts, and only has minimal implications for the psychic structure of an individual whereas secondary deviance is behaviour created as a defence to problems created by societal reaction to primary deviance (Lemert, 1967: 17). Associated to this idea is that of deviancy amplification which is the idea that ideas that deviancy can be distorted in tr ansmission, and can lead to exaggeration of societal reaction (Newburn, 2007). This reaction has been termed moral panic, and is summed up by Stan Cohen in Folk Devils and Moral Panics. In this case, society reacted to the dress of the mods and rockers, which in turn segregated them from society; resulting in deviance. This view is helpful in determining the response to criminal activity. Punishment should involve diversion away from negative labelling to positive labelling. Reintegrative shaming should be applied, which John Braithwaite defined as reintegrating the offender back into the community through words or gestures of forgiveness (1989: 101). A modern example of politics in labelling theory is the recent sacking of David Nutt on the thirtieth of October 2009. He was fired because of a paper he released stating alcohol abuse is more harmful than cannabis taking. Cannabis is an example of deviant behaviour being labelled, and as classification of the drug is always changing, so are the labels of deviant behaviour. Labelling theory has had implications in the criminal justice system. Emphasis has been put on providing young juveniles with social workers, who aim to limit the process of entanglement in the criminal justice system (Newburn, 2007: 221). One limitation of the theory is the fact it is not easily tested empirically. There is also the view that labelling can be counter productive with the fear of being labelled being a deterrent to committing criminal acts. This is evidenced by the fact that minor punishments are effective for first time offenders (Jones, 2003: 195) An example of where you could use classical, positivist and social constructionist theories to analyse criminal behaviour is the increase in youth knife crime. In 2008 BBC News reported thirty youths were stabbed in London alone. A classical approach would blame the lack of deterrents for the increase in carrying weapons; people are unafraid and the majority get away with it. They would suggest punishing proportionate to the crime. Psychologival positivists would suggest the macho status is appealing; the mob mentality. Biological positivists would suggest that the impulse to carry a knife is predetermined in biology, and so educating youths in school would be vital. Sociological positivism would blame the environment, with the poorest being at most risk. The labelling theory would suggest deviancy amplification is at play; with a moral panic created about youths. As they are consequently segregated, they carry knifes to fit in with other youths because they are the only group they a ssociated with. The three theories can be used together to help build a bigger picture into why people commit crime. Although the positivists would argue that criminality is pathological, there is also evidence from classicism and social constructionist theories that suggest criminality is the result of different factors, e.g. labelling. It is important to look at individual differences when assessing criminality, and to make the best judgements, a modern criminologist would be advised to consider all three of the approaches because although they all have their limitations, they also have great advantages for the criminal justice system. According to Groombridge (2001), administrative criminology has sought to side-step the issue of pathology within the individual or society but replaces it with the fear or risk of others pathology, which is to be managed. This could explain the dependence on security measures (e.g. CCTV) in todays society; to watch others behaviour and devise suitable punishments according to the crime.

Advertising And The Super Bowl Essay example -- essays research papers

Every year, millions of viewers from around the world tune in to watch one of the most exhilarating events in sports unfold--the Super Bowl. The one-game, winner-take-all contest for supremacy in the National Football League has grown into more than just a football game opposing the best teams of the NFL. It has become the premier event for new television advertising. With half of the ten, all-time most watched television events having been Super Bowls; networks are able to sell precious seconds of airtime to large companies for millions of dollars. As we move into the 21st century, publicity for the game’s commercials has come to rival that of the game itself. Since it’s beginning, the Super Bowl has drawn top sponsor dollars and high television ratings. But there are two key events that are linked to the phenomenal rise seen in Super Bowl advertising to what it is today. In 1969, Joe Namath led his New York into Super Bowl III, where they knocked off the Baltimore Colts in one of the most shocking Super Bowl upsets of all time, giving the American Football Conference credibility and causing Super Bowl ad rates to skyrocket. Fifteen years later, in what is widely accepted as the most famous Super Bowl spot of all time, the Apple Computer was introduced, making it a household name and setting a new standard for Super Bowl advertising (Lohse 14).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The incredible climb of Super Bowl advertising is most clearly shown by the current prices for airtime. In last year’s Super Bowl matchup between the New York Giants and Baltimore Ravens, companies paid CBS close to 2.4 million dollars for a thirty second slot. That amounts to over 75,000 dollars per second. CBS also heavily promoted and aired the show: â€Å"The Super Bowl’s Greatest Commercials,† the night before the big game. â€Å"The Super Bowl has become a phenomenon in and of itself for commercials. It provides a breeding ground for advertiser competition and creativity† (Simmons 18). It is the true test of successful advertising. Prestige, worldwide attention, and the desire to increase sales are some of the most obvious reasons companies want to have their ad shown during the Super Bowl. But there is another advantage that can come out of having your name or product aired during the big game. Free publicity. The social factor of public fascination with Super Bowl advertisements can crea... ...ers and viewers as possible. By bringing a more diversified market that not only follows football, but also ads, they have accomplished exactly that (Lefton). Works Cited Posman, Adam. (1-24-01). Bully for the Super Bowl? INT Media. {On-Line}, xx. Available: http:// www.clickz.com/media/agency_stat/article.php/835871 Lohse, Deborah. (1-22-01). The Real Super Bowl Competition Is Among Ads. Mercury News. P.14. Blakehorne, Dana. (1-17-2001). Advertising During The Super Bowl: A Mixed Bag. E-Business Report. {On-Line}, Available: http://www.clickz.com/ebiz/ebiz_report/article/ pnp/835901. Bentman, Hillary. (1-26-2001). Dot-coms benched for Super Bowl kick-off. The Daily Free Press (Boston U.) p.7. Geddes, Darryl. (1-22-01) Corporate game plans for Super Bowl Ads. Cornell University Newsletter. P.3 Goldberg, Marvin. (1-5-01). Advertising during the Super Bowl can be prime-time blunder. Penn State University College of Business Administration, vol.11, p.15-16. Lefton, Terry. (2-10-99). It Ads Up. Sport, vol.90,i2, p.26-27. Simmons, Mark. (2-7-2000). Super Bowl: Sports vs. Advertising. Ask Men, vol.8,i10, p.18-20. Ryan   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚