Research Proposal on Deforestation Research Paper Example

Research Proposal on Deforestation Paper Deforestation is the process of the cutting down of forests for various purposes. Forests are cut down, because people require more territories for agriculture, cattle, more the building of towns, villages and roads. Moreover, the problem of deforestation appears under the effect of the natural influence, for example, storm, flooding, draught, fire, acid rains etc. But it is obvious that all these problems are caused by the human activity. So, the key reason of deforestation is not the simple logging of wood, but the neglect of planting new trees on the place of the cut down ones. As a result, the territory becomes free of trees which can cause the problem of deserting, when great open territories with poor soil are substituted with deserts. The problem of deforestation is extremely urgent nowadays, because nearly every country destroys vast territories of its forests and uses these territories for their purposes causing serious problems for the natural environment. Deforestation causes serious problems which affect nature, human life and well-being badly. Cutting down forests people reduce the quality of the air, as trees are the main producers of oxygen. The quantity of nitrogen rises and the quantity of oxygen reduces, which causes the greenhouse effect and a range of diseases. Then, deforestation causes soil erosion, because trees protect soil from the power of the wind, and when the place is open, wind simply blows down the soil and the territory becomes a desert. Finally, forest is a home for the great number of animals and plants, most of which are today are nearly extinct. Destroying forests people kill animals and affect flora and fauna badly. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Deforestation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Deforestation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Deforestation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The problem of deforestation is extremely urgent, because forests are cut down intensively. A range of international organizations try to protect forests, especial rain forests of South America but their success is very poor. If a student wants to prepare a good deforestation research proposal, he should study the problem in detail and persuade the reader in the importance of the topic. The purpose of the research proposal is to introduce something new into the topic under research and convince the professor, that your ideas are valuable enough to write a great research paper on it. Many students do not know how to complete a persuasive piece of writing correctly, so they apply for help in the Internet. It is easy to find a good free sample research proposal on deforestation written by an expert and improve your writing skills and knowledge on the topic seriously. Nearly every free example research proposal on deforestation is useful to understand how to format the paper well and how to create a proper logical structure for the paper and finally how to analyze the topic well. At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research proposal on any topics you need. Your research paper proposal will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research proposal help at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all proposal details:

The Struggle of the Superpowers essays

The Struggle of the Superpowers essays The origins of the Cold War were, some say, a battle of ideological governments (communism vs capitalism). However, I believe the origins of the Cold war are set between two superpowers, both struggling for control of the world. During WW2, the U.S.A. and Russia were teamed together to fight against Facisim and Nazism. Once the enemy had been defeated, all that was left was two Superpowers. Of course, being human and sinners, they could not work together as one but instead, they turned against each other. The fact that Russian was communist was coincidental. In 1835 (13 years before communism was introduced) Alexis de Tocqueville wrote There are at the present time two great nations in the world, which started from different points, but seem to tend towards the same end. I allude to the Russians and Americans....Their starting point is different, and their courses are not the same, yet each of them seems marked out by the will of heaven to sway the destinies of half the globe. If we today look at the modern country of America, we will see a world superpower, mainly concerned about its self. Before the Cold War the U.S.A. used communism to its own advantage. They told the non-communist world how bad the communists were in a bid to sway the rest of the world against communism. Both of the countries were trying to take over the world. LaFeber says, The two powers did not initially come into conflict because one was communist and the other capitalist. Rather, they first confronted one another on the plains of Asia in the late nineteenth century. That meeting climaxed a century in which American had expanded westward over half the globe and Russia had moved eastward across Asia. Therefore, the Americans were not fighting against communism, but fighting against a fellow superpower. After Russian became communist in 1917, they did not change one bit in its worldview. Even though the country was no ...

Inception Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Inception - Essay Example This technology may be said to be extremely restricted to a single digital page; it exhibits the multimedia element contents in an outstanding framework, which aids in making the rhetorical structure appear explicit. Within an auto run mode, the duration of this system may be said to be considerably few minutes and could be said to provide support to a number of genres from literature narratives to scientific papers, artistic happenings etc. It could be said to be close and compatible with a number of state of art presentation systems; its uniqueness may be exhibited through the fact that it might be able to make a provision of cognitive formats and explicit constraints, which might in turn catalyze the guide compositions and understanding of the authors. These constraints may be said to have been designed hard in order to enable the system to turn into an art form e.g. the sonnet or the Haiku in poetry. A way of supporting interpretation Interpretation may be referred to a co-constr uction process that exists between the subject’s interpretive system and the data presented. An understanding of this would be fast and easy when the data under review would be presented within a rhetorical style and language conversant with the subjects; and in case they could be able to depend on shared knowledge. For example, a paper based on scientific information may be said to have desired structure that offers guidance to the reader, at times in an explicit manner through the use of subtitles (authors, title, material, abstract, methods, conclusions, references, etc). Cognitive constraints placed on the author may be said to impact the burden of making a provision of objects or elements in order to make the recipient’s understanding easy. Ensuring the sharing of cognitive templates may facilitate the understanding, indexing, evaluation and writing of the authors. This may be the reason why these templates for written posters, papers or sometimes video clips ofte n have to be provided by conference organizers. Most papers may be said to considerably depend on the multimedia data (e.g. sounds, pictures, animations, virtual reality and videos) because the real material of research or creation (simulations, collected data, and mock ups) could have an origin based on multimedia presentation. It would be critical to make use of the cognitive multimedia presentation format or a set of guidelines. It would be viable to refer to clipspace as such a format. Describing complex structures A fair number of presentations often narrow down to making descriptions of an object, within a general philosophical sense. A number of objects may be said to be simple in their shape and a little easy to make descriptions in text to the eye of the mind. Some (e.g. pictures, plans, music etc) may be best represented through multimodal technique (by use of every sense simultaneously). Although the key restriction to every description may be one’s restricted abil ity to account for several details simultaneously within his perception, unless viewed within a global pattern. Thus, according to the human mind, exposition may be said to often be provided linear bandwidths’ flows. Most people view a movie or film within a temporal succession, read a text in minute bits but never at once, etc. From all these restrictions sprouts a general issue of rhetoric (together with the general science), meaning; to make divisions of the object subject to presentation and to make arrangement of an order for

Malcolm X (in the text, he calls himself Detroit Red) Essay

Malcolm X (in the text, he calls himself Detroit Red) - Essay Example This is the real situation for most hustlers. They would pass as executives or people high on the corporate lane. Beneath these lives they live, they are illiterate. Although he had little formal education, Malcolm X spent his time in prison trying to educate himself using the dictionary. Then with time, he was able to make simple logical grammatical sentences which came in handy when writing letters. His efforts also paid off because he started understanding books when he read them. Although the prison authorities were aware of the letters that Malcolm wrote, they did not say anything to him about them. He believes that during that time, the white man knew he was the devil. During the time, there was widespread knowledge that the white man was responsible in a way for the black man’s condition. Malcolm X was filled with the desire to use his writing skills to educate about Allah and Islam. His desire to learn more led to his dedicated study of the dictionary. From this he taught himself to read and write. This expressly shows how someone can achieve their desires with dedication and a little investment in time (Benson and Cosgrove,

Thinking about Publishing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thinking about Publishing - Essay Example when you think of authors, what do you think motivates authors to want to publish their work, and why do you think they might choose the specific forms they choose like printed books, ebooks, blogs, newspapers, etc? Authors publish their works with an aim of disseminating their written work to the public in a more appealing way. The published information can either be fictional or non-fictional. Publishing non-fictional works has always been a valid choice for many authors, especially those who have a solid foundation as well as means of distribution (Konrath). 3. What are some different formats of published work and specific publications you yourself generally read? Be as specific as you can. (This could include websites, newspapers, magazines, email newsletters, books, ebooks, textbooks, novels, comics, etc!) There are different formats of published works. These formats include books, textbooks, novels, magazines, websites, and newspapers, among other formats. In book publishing, there are different types of book publishers, depending on the market of the book. Those who publish books found in most bookstores are professional publishers, academic publishers, and self-publishing services (Konrath). 4. In your own life, what are some interesting things youve noticed about publishing? This might include changes youve seen over the course of your life (like maybe you bought an e-reader and your experience of books changed). Or it might include differences you see between publishing in the US and publishing in another country where youve lived or visited. Or it might include your experiences reading articles for school online vs. reading printed textbooks. Anything that comes to mind is great! In my entire academic life I have witnessed a lot when it comes to publishing. I have seen many changes in the course of my life. I once bought an e-reader which totally changed my experience of books. In addition, in the course of visiting different countries to pursue my

Examining The Historical Development Of Criminology Criminology Essay

Examining The Historical Development Of Criminology Criminology Essay Although it there is some debate on the historical development of criminology, there is agreement that by the beginning of the 1960s there was a recognisable academic discipline in the form of modern criminology in Britain (Tierney, 2006). Nic Groombrigde (2001: 202) defined pathology as an unhealthy deviation from the norm which is located in the individual at the level of genes, hormones or psyche. Ultimately this implies criminality is the result of abnormality; i.e. that which is not normal. Criminologists have come up with various theories as to why people commit crime and recommended responses, and this essay will explore whether criminality is pathological with reference to variants of classical, positivist and social constructionist theories. Classical criminology believes the offender is free-willed, rational and normal, whereas positivist approaches suggests the offender is determined, and pathological. Social constructionist theories suggest the offender is a product of cu ltural and political influences. The main difference between the three theories is whether or not individuals are rational decision makers or not, i.e. if they are pathological or not. In the eighteenth century classical criminology emerged as a response to the cruel forms of punishment that dominated. It was centrally concerned with creating a reformed, efficient system of justice that would better regulate social order in industrial society (Tierney, 2006: 50). Two main writers who helped to achieve this were Cesare de Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham. Beccaria wanted punishment to be certain, in order to deter people from committing criminal acts. He also believed that if one was punished quickly they would associate crime with punishment, and that the punishment should be severe enough to deter future criminal behaviour (Newburn, 2007: 116). Benthams work involved the pleasure-pain principle, so any pleasure to be gained from crime should be outweighed by the pain inflicted in punishment. Classical theory is based on the assumption of free will (i.e. not pathology), with criminal activity being the result of rational choice of the individual; who is acting on a cost -benefit analysis. The aim of punishment was to make it proportionate to crime in order to deter people from committing criminal acts. At this stage in criminology, the emphasis was on the criminal act rather than the individual committing it, so there was no differentiation between the criminal and the non-criminal. Classical theory has impacted modern criminology massively, with the idea of punishment being proportionate to the criminal act still being used by modern criminal justice systems. It also helped capital punishment be abolished, and heightened the awareness for the need for prisons. However, a major criticism of classicism is the fact that it is normative rather than empirical; based on values rather than evidence. It also assumes criminal activity is the result of rational thought, therefore it suggests children should be treated in the same way as adults, and does not make exceptions for those who are mentally ill or those with learning difficulties (Tierney, 2006). In contrast to classical criminology, the positivist approach focuses on features within the individual that cause criminal activity; i.e. criminality is pathological (Newburn, 2007: 114). It emerged in the late nineteenth century and claimed to promote the scientific study of society, replacing opinion with empirical evidence and science (Treadwell, 2006: 34). Treadwell (2006) also believes positivism in criminology wanted to predict and explain future patterns of social behaviour using secondary data (statistical). It sees crime as pre-determined (and therefore uncontrollable) rather than expressions of free will. Positivism spans biological, psychological and sociological attempts to explain the causes of crime. One key writer in biological positivism is Cesare Lombroso who suggested a criminal was not made by society but rather born that way (i.e. criminality is pathological). Lombroso even went as far as to say that deviation in head size could be an indicator of criminality a n idea now discredited (Newburn, 2007). If biological theories are considered along with psychological and sociological theories, then they can help explain criminality. However, on its own, it lacks scientific evidence, and can lead to eugenics; proposing the removal of those who are inferior (e.g. Nazi Germany targeting the disabled, homosexuals (Treadwell, 2006). In psychological positivism, Hans Eysenck was a key thinker, who believed it was possible to chart human personality on three scales: extroversion, neuroticism and psychoticsm. Exaggeration of traits would lead to anti-social behaviour (Treadwell, 2006). Psychological positivism considers psychology as an explanation for criminality which includes an individuals reasoning, personality, memory, intelligence etc. Biological and psychological positivism are useful for the government because they draw attention away from social conditions (Newburn, 2007). Sociological positivism explains criminality with reference to social circumstances and factors external to the individual, so moves away from pathology. One example of sociological theory is strain by Robert Merton (1938). He looked at why crime was more prevalent in lower class areas, and found inequality between goals in society (e.g. wealth) and the means to achieve them (e.g. education needed for wealth was not available to everyone). Merton suggested this motivation to achieve goals led to frustration and a motive for criminal activity. Treatment in positivism should be immediate and should fit the needs of the offender. Whereas classical theory looks at the offense, and positivism focuses on the offender, social constructionist theory looks at the social reaction to deviance. This theory does not suggest pathology is the reason for criminal acts, rather that individuals are responding to being labelled due to political and cultural influences (similar to sociological positivism). The theory suggests criminals are created by those with the power to label behaviour as offensive. Emile Durkheim (1895) sums this up by saying that what confers a criminal character is not the intrinsic quality of a given act but that definition which the collective conscience lends them. The object of study is to question why some acts are labelled criminal, while others are not. There is also the question of why some people are more prone to being labelled than others, and the consequences of labelling. Thomas (1928: 572) stated that if we define situations as real, they are real in their consequences. Labelling theory e merged in the late 1930s due to the work of Frank Tannenbaum on juvenile delinquents; where he concluded that delinquents are good children committing bad acts, who are then labelled as bad and continue in that manner (Newburn, 2007). Another aspect of labelling theory is Mertons self fulfilling prophecy which he described as; in the beginning, a false definition of the situation evoking a new behaviour which makes the originally false conception come true (1968: 477). Edwin Lemert distinguished between two types of deviance; primary and secondary. He stated that primary deviance occurs in a variety of social cultural and psychological contexts, and only has minimal implications for the psychic structure of an individual whereas secondary deviance is behaviour created as a defence to problems created by societal reaction to primary deviance (Lemert, 1967: 17). Associated to this idea is that of deviancy amplification which is the idea that ideas that deviancy can be distorted in tr ansmission, and can lead to exaggeration of societal reaction (Newburn, 2007). This reaction has been termed moral panic, and is summed up by Stan Cohen in Folk Devils and Moral Panics. In this case, society reacted to the dress of the mods and rockers, which in turn segregated them from society; resulting in deviance. This view is helpful in determining the response to criminal activity. Punishment should involve diversion away from negative labelling to positive labelling. Reintegrative shaming should be applied, which John Braithwaite defined as reintegrating the offender back into the community through words or gestures of forgiveness (1989: 101). A modern example of politics in labelling theory is the recent sacking of David Nutt on the thirtieth of October 2009. He was fired because of a paper he released stating alcohol abuse is more harmful than cannabis taking. Cannabis is an example of deviant behaviour being labelled, and as classification of the drug is always changing, so are the labels of deviant behaviour. Labelling theory has had implications in the criminal justice system. Emphasis has been put on providing young juveniles with social workers, who aim to limit the process of entanglement in the criminal justice system (Newburn, 2007: 221). One limitation of the theory is the fact it is not easily tested empirically. There is also the view that labelling can be counter productive with the fear of being labelled being a deterrent to committing criminal acts. This is evidenced by the fact that minor punishments are effective for first time offenders (Jones, 2003: 195) An example of where you could use classical, positivist and social constructionist theories to analyse criminal behaviour is the increase in youth knife crime. In 2008 BBC News reported thirty youths were stabbed in London alone. A classical approach would blame the lack of deterrents for the increase in carrying weapons; people are unafraid and the majority get away with it. They would suggest punishing proportionate to the crime. Psychologival positivists would suggest the macho status is appealing; the mob mentality. Biological positivists would suggest that the impulse to carry a knife is predetermined in biology, and so educating youths in school would be vital. Sociological positivism would blame the environment, with the poorest being at most risk. The labelling theory would suggest deviancy amplification is at play; with a moral panic created about youths. As they are consequently segregated, they carry knifes to fit in with other youths because they are the only group they a ssociated with. The three theories can be used together to help build a bigger picture into why people commit crime. Although the positivists would argue that criminality is pathological, there is also evidence from classicism and social constructionist theories that suggest criminality is the result of different factors, e.g. labelling. It is important to look at individual differences when assessing criminality, and to make the best judgements, a modern criminologist would be advised to consider all three of the approaches because although they all have their limitations, they also have great advantages for the criminal justice system. According to Groombridge (2001), administrative criminology has sought to side-step the issue of pathology within the individual or society but replaces it with the fear or risk of others pathology, which is to be managed. This could explain the dependence on security measures (e.g. CCTV) in todays society; to watch others behaviour and devise suitable punishments according to the crime.

Advertising And The Super Bowl Essay example -- essays research papers

Every year, millions of viewers from around the world tune in to watch one of the most exhilarating events in sports unfold--the Super Bowl. The one-game, winner-take-all contest for supremacy in the National Football League has grown into more than just a football game opposing the best teams of the NFL. It has become the premier event for new television advertising. With half of the ten, all-time most watched television events having been Super Bowls; networks are able to sell precious seconds of airtime to large companies for millions of dollars. As we move into the 21st century, publicity for the game’s commercials has come to rival that of the game itself. Since it’s beginning, the Super Bowl has drawn top sponsor dollars and high television ratings. But there are two key events that are linked to the phenomenal rise seen in Super Bowl advertising to what it is today. In 1969, Joe Namath led his New York into Super Bowl III, where they knocked off the Baltimore Colts in one of the most shocking Super Bowl upsets of all time, giving the American Football Conference credibility and causing Super Bowl ad rates to skyrocket. Fifteen years later, in what is widely accepted as the most famous Super Bowl spot of all time, the Apple Computer was introduced, making it a household name and setting a new standard for Super Bowl advertising (Lohse 14).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The incredible climb of Super Bowl advertising is most clearly shown by the current prices for airtime. In last year’s Super Bowl matchup between the New York Giants and Baltimore Ravens, companies paid CBS close to 2.4 million dollars for a thirty second slot. That amounts to over 75,000 dollars per second. CBS also heavily promoted and aired the show: â€Å"The Super Bowl’s Greatest Commercials,† the night before the big game. â€Å"The Super Bowl has become a phenomenon in and of itself for commercials. It provides a breeding ground for advertiser competition and creativity† (Simmons 18). It is the true test of successful advertising. Prestige, worldwide attention, and the desire to increase sales are some of the most obvious reasons companies want to have their ad shown during the Super Bowl. But there is another advantage that can come out of having your name or product aired during the big game. Free publicity. The social factor of public fascination with Super Bowl advertisements can crea... ...ers and viewers as possible. By bringing a more diversified market that not only follows football, but also ads, they have accomplished exactly that (Lefton). Works Cited Posman, Adam. (1-24-01). Bully for the Super Bowl? INT Media. {On-Line}, xx. Available: http:// www.clickz.com/media/agency_stat/article.php/835871 Lohse, Deborah. (1-22-01). The Real Super Bowl Competition Is Among Ads. Mercury News. P.14. Blakehorne, Dana. (1-17-2001). Advertising During The Super Bowl: A Mixed Bag. E-Business Report. {On-Line}, Available: http://www.clickz.com/ebiz/ebiz_report/article/ pnp/835901. Bentman, Hillary. (1-26-2001). Dot-coms benched for Super Bowl kick-off. The Daily Free Press (Boston U.) p.7. Geddes, Darryl. (1-22-01) Corporate game plans for Super Bowl Ads. Cornell University Newsletter. P.3 Goldberg, Marvin. (1-5-01). Advertising during the Super Bowl can be prime-time blunder. Penn State University College of Business Administration, vol.11, p.15-16. Lefton, Terry. (2-10-99). It Ads Up. Sport, vol.90,i2, p.26-27. Simmons, Mark. (2-7-2000). Super Bowl: Sports vs. Advertising. Ask Men, vol.8,i10, p.18-20. Ryan   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚