mr dcp clervil Essay Example

mr dcp clervil Essay Example mr dcp clervil Essay mr dcp clervil Essay Step by step instructions to Evaluate Problem Solving in a Business by Billie Nordmeyer, Demand Media Each business day brings new difficulties. An essential distinction between a top-performing organization and a normal performing organization is the way wherein the association tends to such difficulties. So as to guarantee a companys critical thinking technique is a quality rather a shortcoming, the organization must not just decide whether it was fruitful in changing over a test to a chance, yet additionally assess the way where it tackled the issue. Assessing a business critical thinking capacity requires thought of a few components. Advertisements by Google Simple Project Software Its simple with [emailprotected] Nothing to introduce. Attempt it free! www. smartsheet. com Step 1 Determine how much the issue was effectively distinguished and characterized. Consider if the issue was conceptualized such that upheld the distinguishing proof of various conceivable underlying drivers. For instance, the issue definition a decline in deals bolsters the recognizable proof of various main drivers ncluding an expansion in the quantity of contenders, a need to increase publicizing, and an absence of fitting preparing for the business staff. Stage 2 Determine if the root issue was effectively distinguished. Consider if a root issue, as opposed to a side effect of the root issue, was tended to by the arrangement. For instance, if the root issue is item quality and the manifestation is an abatement in deals, an answer of extra deals instruments will be inadequate in tending to the root issue. Stage 3 Review venture information to decide whether relevant realities were considered in the choice rocess. Consider the dependability of the information sources and the fulfillment of the information accumulated. Stage 4 Evaluate the assets utilized to distinguish the proper arrangement. See whether key work force were chosen based on mastery as opposed to staff position. Decide whether a suitable undertaking support was distinguished, if fitting partners partook, and if outsider specialists were utilized if interior staff came up short on the proper ability. Stage 5 Review the consented to answer for assess its achievability. Discover that the chose olution was top tier considering other potential other options. Consider if an adequate number of arrangements were assessed so as to build up a quality arrangement. stage 6 Consider if the potential arrangements were suitably organized. For instance, decide whether the arrangement was chosen essentially based on its execution time period or cost. Stage 7 Discover if the arrangement of alternatives was reasonably evaluated. Decide whether specialists were counseled in the dynamic procedure, and if the favorable circumstances or inconveniences of the elective arrangements were totally and genuinely considered. Stage 8 Determine if the dynamic procedure upheld the brief recognizable proof of an operational costs that came about because of postponements in process. Stage 9 Consider venture duties. See whether fitting people were doled out the duty to lead specific components of the arrangement. Stage 10 Evaluate the achievement estimates set up for the arrangement. Find if the arrangement was executed effectively inside an assigned time period and as per plan, and in the event that it tended to the issue without unintended reactions.

Ship Breaking Industries of Bangladesh

Shipbreaking Activities in Bangladesh and impact of Marine Biodiversity Prabal Barua Associate Program Officer YPSA The marine condition of the seaside water is essential to humanity on a worldwide just as on nearby premise concerning vitality. Man is turning into a predominant piece of the biological system in numerous locales, because of his different employments of the marine condition. So the wellbeing of marine environment is a significant factor in man own existence.The Bay of Bengal which is a potential bode of marine life just as for it’s immense waterfront networks is currently persistently contaminated by various kinds of poison through deluge of land base and different sources and put a disturbing sign of mindfulness about contamination in the ocean. The waterfront regions of Chittagong Support a complex trophic association continue a high biodiversity including some endemic species and are profoundly defenseless to obstruction from exercises. Seaside biological sys tem makes a maintainable occupation especially to beach front angling communities.Ship breaking yards along the shore of Chittagong (Faujdarhat to Kumira) has become a foremost significance in the full scale and smaller scale financial setting of neediness stricken Bangladesh. Shipbreaking exercises present both test and open door for beach front zone the board in all encompassing way. The historical backdrop of boat breaking is as almost old as shipbuilding. As we realize that a boat is moderately a huge vessel fit for working in the profound sea. The term ‘vessels’ applies to the vessels of more than 5000 tons and that can explore in open seas.In Bangladesh transport breaking is prominently known as ‘Beaching’. Boat breaking began as a business in Bangladesh in 1972. Before that, 2/3 boats were rejected during Pakistan period. It began consequently when a 20000 DWT vessel was drive aground by the staggering tsunami of 1965. That was the principal transpor t rejected on the 2 Chittagong ocean sea shore. At present, transport breaking is directed in a zone of around 10 km by 32 out of 110 boat Breaking yards from Bhatiari, Sonaichhari, kumira under the Sitakunda upazilla of Chittagong.The Department of Environment (DoE) has arranged the Ship Breaking Industry (SBI) as ‘Red’ in 1995(EIA rules for the Industries, 1997). The Environmental Impact evaluation (EIA) isn't led before the foundation of SBI. As there is no observing cell, the Shipyard proprietors are working their business overwhelmingly just as aimlessly. They are less cognizant about perils, poisonousness and natural contamination though increasingly cognizant about their advantage. Squanders of the rejected boats are released legitimately into its contiguous territories which are at last depleting into the Bay of Bengal.These squanders particularly oil and sleek substances, PCBs, TBTs, PAHs and so forth and various sorts of follow and substantial metals (Cd, Pb, and Hg) are being aggregated into the marine biota. Therefore, marine fisheries assorted variety of the Chittagong coast that underpins exceptionally enhanced marine water fishes, mollusks and benthic life forms and so on is at the stake directly as of now. In addition the Coastal occupants/fisher people lead their employments as well as exclusively rely upon the seaside assets for their protein source.The CPUE (Catch Per Unit exertion) has radically been diminished to the greater part relatively of a couple of decades back. As a result, the seaside fisher people are at the stake of their reality. They are either leaving their inherited calling or relocating to different places and turning out to be ‘environmental refugees’. That is the reason their financial status is beneath the neediness level. There are barely any examinations was never really out the linkage between Ship breaking movement (SBA) and the marine contamination, sway on fisheries biodiversity and occupa tions of the anglers community.In those inquires about, specialists considered Bhatiary to Kumira as influenced zone and Sandwip Island as control zone from the shipbreaking action. The eastern side of Sandwip has been considered as control site in light of the fact that these are slantingly inverse and off the SBYs and the water and soil characteristics are evidently liberated from toxins as uncovered from the prior investigations. From the past investigation we found that follow metals fixation in silt at shipbreaking zone are such a great amount of higher than suggestion by GESAMP (Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution).But the specialists found that Sandwip which is fundamentally very lower than that of dregs at influenced zone. The estimations of Lead (Pb), Cadmium(Cd) and Mercury(Hg) discovered six and half; eight and half and ninety four times higher than that of affirmed esteems individually. These could be ascribed to the joined impacts of oil and oil spillage, oil hydrocarbons from ships, big haulers, motorized pontoons and so forth. During the examination all the scientist discovered water characteristics, for example, Hydrogen Ion H Concentration (p ), Dissolve Oxygen (D. O), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (B. O. D), Chemical Oxygen Demand (C. O.D), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Oil and Ammonia (NH3) were focused as a higher incentive in influenced region than control zone as indicated by the standard estimation of water quality for the waterfront water of Bangladesh (EQS, 1991). All the parameters watched such a higher, that they surpassed the estimation of EQS. In any case, the water parameters in Sandwip channel were ideal and close to the estimation of EQS standard. Water characteristics in influenced region surpassed the EQS standard which uncovers that the water body of the nearby zone of boat breaking yards isn't appropriate for the presence of verdure and fauna.The higher fixation was be cause of the release of different reject oils and sleek substances, colors, synthetic compounds, iron pieces, different kinds of metal rusts, solids, colors, disintegration of soil dust and so on from the boat breaking yards. Poisons are likewise released from the Sitakunda mechanical region into the run-off open to the Bay. Effect of Marine Biodiversity: Biodiversity, which is sort for natural assorted variety, is the term used to portray the entire assortment of life on earth. In well known utilization, the word biodiversity is frequently used to depict all the species living in a specific area.Biodiversity can be summed up as â€Å"Life on earth. † It is characterized as â€Å" The assortments of life on earth at all its levels, from qualities to biological system, and the environmental and transformative procedures that continue it. † The all out biodiversity of a zone can be separated into two various leveled segments: the quantity of useful sorts of living beings (creatures and plants) or biological systems (timberland, prairie, tundra and marine intertidal) and the quantity of practically identical life forms inside each utilitarian type.There are three kinds of viewpoints to biodiversity: species decent variety, hereditary assorted variety and environment assorted variety. Every one of the three collaborate and change after some time and all around. Phytoplankton is the essential food makers of the oceanic natural surroundings and assumes a significant job in the evolved way of life. Phytoplankton is the best file of the organic profitability. Examination of phytoplankton demonstrated that during storm, Aanabaena , Clostratrum(10. 98%) and Coscinodiscus(21. 97%), Euglena (9. 89%) and Zygnema (30. 76%) and during post rainstorm Coscinodiscus (97. 5%) and Euglena (2. 5%) commanded in the influenced site.In the control site of Sandwip, these were ruled as 30. 41%, 19. 46%; 17. 03%; 9. 73%; 23. 35% in the rainstorm and 94. 73% and 5. 26% sepa rately in the post rainstorm. All through the investigation time frame the wealth of phytoplankton at influenced site was 91 cells/l in rainstorm season and 80 cells/l in post storm season and in control site it was 411 cells/l in rainstorm season and 190 cells/l in post storm season. Floating little drifting creatures, in the water body are by and large known as zooplankton on which the entire amphibian life depends legitimately or indirectly.As zooplankton is extremely delicate to ideal condition, so the beach front contamination because of boat breaking exercises may have significant effects on its endurance and event. Investigation of zooplankton demonstrated that Calanoida, Cyclopedia, Sagitta, Lucifer and so forth in the storm and Calanoida; Acetes shrimp; Lucifer and Zoea in the post rainstorm were ruled in the influenced site as uncovered during zooplankton examination though in the control site the predominant zooplankton were found as Calanoida, Cylpclpedia, Sagitta and Zo ea during the post rainstorm and Calanoida; Acetes shrimp, Lucifer, Cladocera and Zoea in the post storm respectively.The base living life forms â€the benthos assume a significant job in the evolved way of life particularly in the bury flowing zone and it is likewise very much perceived that the most extravagant fisheries of the world are firmly identified with the benthic networks. Among the full scale benthos, Amphipods, Polychaetes, Nemertina and Fish egg in the rainstorm and Nemertina, Cladocera, Cyclopoida and Calanoida were seen as ruled at the influenced site.But at the control site, Amphipod, Polychaete, Nemertina, Fish egg during the storm and Cladocera, Nemertina , Calanoida and Polychaete in the post rainstorm were overwhelmed So, the wealth of large scale benthos in influenced site was 118. 46 ind. /m3 in storm season and 4186. 74 ind. /m3 in post storm season, while in the control site 368. 28 ind. /m3 in storm season and 14204. 41 ind. /m3 in post storm season.The f ishery assets of the region is by all accounts influenced by the boat breaking exercises as uncovered by expanded angling endeavors, decreased species decent variety, expanded measure of garbage fish. Level extension of the boat breaking yards has presented danger not exclusively to the enhanced beach front assets yet in addition on the neighboring seaside occupants exceptionally the fisher people. The angling villages of this investigation were discovered in reverse in the field of essential training and wellbeing that are the fundamental requirements for them.Communication and drinking water gracefully were obser

Essay on Flashbacks, Thrid Person Narration, and Harsh Language in Anot

Utilization of Flashbacks, Thrid Person Narration, and Harsh Language in Another Country James Baldwin's epic, Another Country , is upgraded by Baldwin's remarkable story style. Most of the composition of Another Country is introduced through flashbacks. Baldwin utilizes the third individual omniscient perspective to portray his characters' very own considerations and build up the characters. In conclusion, Baldwin heightens the fury and outrage through his phenomenally cruel style. Frequently Baldwin exceeds the customary obligations of suitable language. In spite of the fact that his expression isn't engaging, it is both solid and viable. Such words summon feelings in all perusers. You took the best, why not take the rest? is the initial explanation of Another Country. Perusers start the novel with the portrayal of a man who has sunk to a low situation throughout everyday life. This man has tumbled from his situation as a conspicuous jazz performer to the least of road bums. His hair is uncombed; his body is unclean. He has slipped from an extremely open situation to a spot where he escapes family, companions and police. Lastly, in urgency, this man offers his body to another man for food and drink. This activity happens in two pages. It is at the base of the second page that Baldwin give... ...the novel. Through brutal language Baldwin escalates the outrage. One such model is this section: I'll be back, he (Vivaldo) said. No, you won't, said Rufus. I'll murder you on the off chance that you return (58). This section communicates incredible anger when it is put in setting. Rufus is conversing with his one genuine companion. His words are grating and on occasion damaging. Baldwin's style speaks to the outrage of his characters and his time. Another Country is written in an extreme story style. James Baldwin uses the procedures of flashback portrayal, omniscient perspective and cruel language to expand the intensity of his novel.  

The Cash Flow Analysis Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

A cash flow statement is a statement which explains the various sources from which the funds are raised and the uses to which these funds are put. Complementing the balance sheet and income statement, the cash flow statement (CFS), a mandatory part of a companys financial reports since 1987, records the amounts of cash and cash equivalents entering and leaving a company. The CFS allows investors to understand how a companys operations are running, where its money is coming from, and how it is being spent. Chapter 2.Structure of Cash Flow Statement The cash flow statement is distinct from the income statement and balance sheet because it does not include the amount of future incoming and outgoing cash that has been recorded on credit. Therefore, cash is not the same as net income, which, on the income statement and balance sheet, includes cash sales and sales made on credit. Cash flow is determined by looking at three components by which cash enters and leaves a company: core operations, investing and financing. Operations Measuring the cash inflows and outflows caused by core business operations, the operations component of cash flow reflects how much cash is generated from a companys products or services. Generally, changes made in cash, accounts receivable, depreciation, inventory and accounts payable are reflected in cash from operations. Investing Changes in equipment, assets or investments relate to cash from investing. Usually cash changes from investing are a cash out item, because cash is used to buy new equipment, buildings or short-term assets such as marketable securities. However, when a company divests of an asset, the transaction is considered cash in for calculating cash from investing. Financing Changes in debt, loans or dividends are accounted for in cash from financing. Changes in cash from financing are cash in when capital is raised, and theyre cash out when dividends are paid. Thus, if a company issues a bond to the public, the company receives cash financing; however, when interest is paid to bondholders, the company is reducing its cash. Chapter 3.Cash flow analysis -An Introduction Cash flow analysis is the study of the cycle of your business cash inflows and outflows, with the purpose of maintaining an adequate cash flow for business, and to provide the basis for cash flow management. Cash flow analysis involves examining the components of business that affect cash flow, such as accounts receivable, inventory, accounts payable, and credit terms. By performing a cash flow analysis on these separate components, one is able to more easily identify cash flow problems and find ways to improve your cash flow. When planning the short- or long-term funding requirements of a business, it is more important to forecast the likely cash requirements than to project profitability. Whilst profit, the difference between sales and costs within a specified period, is a vital indicator of the performance of a business, the generation of a profit does not necessarily guarantee its development, or even the survival. Normally, the main sources of cash inflows to a busine ss are receipts from sales, increases in bank loans, proceeds of share issues and asset disposals, and other income such as interest earned. Cash outflows include payments to suppliers and staff, capital and interest repayments for loans, dividends, taxation and capital expenditure, loans given.etc. Net cash flow is the difference between the inflows and outflows within a given period. A projected cumulative positive net cash flow over several periods highlights the capacity of a business to generate surplus cash and, conversely, a cumulative negative cash flow indicates the amount of additional cash required to sustain the business. Cash flow planning entails forecasting and tabulating all significant cash inflows relating to sales, new loans, interest received etc. and then analyzing in detail the timing of expected payments relating to suppliers, wages, other expenses, capital expenditure, loan repayments, dividends, tax, interest payments etc.. When this net cash flow is a dded to or subtracted from opening bank balances, any likely short-term bank funding requirements can be ascertained. Chapter 4.Objectives of Cash Flow Analysis Optimum Utilization of operating cash Implementation of a sound cash flow analysis and management is based on rapid generation, efficient utilisation and effective conversion of its cash resources. Cash flow is a circle. The quantum and the speed of the flow can be regulated through prudent financial planning facilitating the running of business with the optimum cash balance. This can be achieved by making a proper analysis of operative cash cycle along with efficient management of working capital. Cash forecasting Cash forecasting is backbone of cash planning. It forewarns a business regarding expected cash problems, which it may encounter, thus assisting it to regulate further cash flow management. Lack of planning results in spasmodic cash flows. For any organisation, cash is the lifeblood that keeps it the business going .That is why, Cash Flow Analysis and its management has been gaining importance with organisations that view the services as a crucial part of their corporate strategies. Managing the cost of cash There is always an opportunity cost of maintaining excess cash balance.ie. if the firm is maintaining excess cash the it is missing the opportunities of investing these funds in a profitable manner. Similarly if the firm is facing shortage of cash, then it may be required to arrange funds on an emergency basis to appropriate any imbalances in the cash flow. Therefore, cash flow analysis help in determining the appropriate cost of raising cash and the effective deployment of funds. Chapter 5.Uses of Cash Flow Analysis Cash flow analysis is used to evaluate the liquidity of a company, to find out ratios like the net present value and the internal rate of return, to act as a validating input for net income created by accrual accounting methods. A company can use a cash flow statement to predict future cash flow, which helps with matters in budgeting. For investors, the cash flow reflects a companys financial health: basically, the more cash available for business operations, the better. However, this is not a hard and fast rule. Sometimes a negative cash flow results from a companys growth strategy in the form of expanding its operations. By adjusting earnings, revenues, assets and liabilities, the investor can get a very clear picture of what some people consider the most important aspect of a company: how much cash it generates and, particularly, how much of that cash stems from core operations. Chapter 6.Process of Cash Flow Analysis I am working as a summer intern in the finance department of Motilal Oswal Securities Ltd. I am trained for managing the cash flow statement on a daily basis wherein the inflow and outflow of cash was managed and monitored. The different sources of funds with the respective uses are mentioned in brief. The process of cash flow analysis is described below. Initially we obtain the funds position by identification of sources of cash (funds) as follows: Issue of Commercial papers and Non-Convertible debentures Motilal Oswal Financial Services (MOFSL), the parent company as well as Motilal Oswal Securities Ltd, the broking arm, issue Commercial Papers and Non Convertible Debentures during appropriate market timings. These securities assist in the arrangement of funds required for funding the capital and revenue expenditure, working capital requirements and supplementing the growth operations of the company. The process of issuance and the corresponding co-ordination with NSDL , IPA ( Issuing and paying Agent), banks and subscribers is looked after by the respective department and the information of the funds availed is known and communicated while preparing the cash flow statement. We, thus, include the amount as an inflow of funds. Balances in Client Settlement accounts and own accounts with the banks, Fixed Deposits, Loan against shares, ODs, Bank Guarantees, Short Term loans The company maintains different kinds of accounts for different segments like NSE Cash segment, Own and Client Settlement Account and NCDEX Settlement Account for Commodities, NSE Futures and Options Client and Settlement accounts, BSE Client Account and settlement with different banks. These accounts facilitate effective coordination of funds obtained from the clients from the corresponding exchange as well as the companys own funds traded over the exchange. The firms own funds as well as the clients funds are available for optimum utilization at the consent of the client. Thereby these funds are reflected as an inflow in the cash flow statement. Loan facilities are provided by the banks for adequate working capital requirements especially during immediate need of funds when during the days of high market trading considerable requirement of margins in the form of cash needs to be parked in the exchanges. The concept of margins is explained further. Thereby funds available by th ese means are employed for further usage. Banks also provide non fund based facilities in the form of Bank Guarantees: A bank guarantee is an irrevocable commitment by the issuing bank to make a payment, at the request of its client, to the beneficiary specified in the bank guarantee, subject to the beneficiary filing a request with the bank to that end, and the fulfilment of the terms and conditions of such bank guarantee (conditional bank guarantee); before the expiry date of the guarantee and up to the amount specified therein. By issuing an unconditional bank guarantee, a new legal relationship is established, which is independent from the underlying transaction, whereby the issuing banks payment obligation arises subject to the beneficiary requesting such payment, irrespectively of any disagreements the parties may have regarding the fulfilment of the underlying transaction; i.e. the payment obligation arises at the time of the first call and without the need to assess the n ature of the legal relationship. For availing bank guarantee, the banks require authorised letters stamped and delivered with the necessary certificates of creditability as a part of their documentation formalities. Usually the amount of Bank guarantee (BG) is availed against different collaterals like corporate guarantee and /or personal guarantees provided by the promoters to the extent of certain percentage and the remaining in the form of fixed deposits placed with bank, shares pledged of the value after haircut of 50% .Different banks have different specifications. There exists a BG commission for usage of the bank guarantee around 1.5-5% of the amount availed as BG as against the creditability of the company in the industry .BG commission is charged upfront with the issuance, and the charge is amortised over the period of the BG. Also facility of Loan against shares (LAS) is available where loans can be availed against the pledged value of the shares owned by the firm . Overdrafts (OD) are available for working capital requirements and are charged for the period of use of OD amount. They are also availed against fixed deposits placed by the bank and any shares pledged with the bank for the same. Similarly Short Term Loan facility is provided against the collateral of FDs, Shares, and Corporate Guarantee .They are majorly used for furnishing the margin requirements of the exchange. The CASH FLOW STATEMENT also shows the position of the bank accounts with the varied details discussed above .The picture below can give a fair idea about the daily status of funds with the banks. It shows the position of funds with bank on a particular day. It shows the funds in the different accounts along with the interbank and inter account transfers in the form of RTGS, investments and redemptions. The funds obtained or utilised by way of DVP trades, CP/NCD issuance, FDR placement and high value clearing are specified in the bank position statement. Also t he exchange payin /payout for client settlements and collections obtained from the client accounts are shown; thereby the net position of the bank on a daily basis is ascertained. Client funds of Cash, F O and settlement figures are bifurcated to give the exact position of the funds that are held on behalf of clients and the own funds ,that can be further utilised for revenue generation. Funds employed in the form of margins in the exchange in the respective segment are also shown. Similarly, positions for other banks are also prepared and mailed to the banks on a daily basis. Interbank funds transfer As mentioned earlier, the company has various accounts with different banks for different purpose. As and when the fund requirement arises from one account to another or from one bank account to fund another bank account during the business conducted in the day, the corresponding RTGS( Real Time Gross Settlement ) is undertaken and request are processed through faxing of letters containing the respective instructions. Some Banks also provide the facility of auto sweep wherein the funds are transferred into accounts where there is a shortfall from accounts having surplus funds. This ensures adequate funds for immediate deployment. Money payout of funds invested in NSE and BSE: Capital segment and Futures and Options segment The companys own funds as well as those of the clients, when traded over the exchange into buying or selling of shares and other securities result in money payouts/payins and accordingly the funds available with the company increases or decreases. Particular files of communication of the same are updated from the exchanges on daily basis which assist in giving a true picture of the funds received or to be paid. They are thus updated in the cash flow statement. The settlement of Equities as prescribed by the exchange is on T+2 basis and Futures and Options on T+1 basis. Thereby the next days position of settlement with the clients and the exchanges is shown in the cash flow so as to ascertain the requirements of funds for the coming day .Accordingly the cash provisions can be planned out and money can be arranged on time. It is known as the Provision Payin/Payout for coming settlement day (Ledger Bal) Day after tomorrow and these figures are obtained from the back office systems . They are thus updated in the cash flow statement. Margin releases from the exchanges As a stock broking firm, Motilal Oswal Securities have to arrange for appropriate margins in the exchanges for the dealing of its clients in different segments like equities, derivatives and commodities regularly. These margins can be in the form of Bank Guarantee, Fixed Deposits, Cash, Shares and Mutual Funds pledged with the exchange up to a certain proportion ( limit given by the exchange to any stock broking house).They act as a collateral in the event of any default of the payin of the companys clients or the company itself as against the volume of trade conducted over the exchange. The CASH FLOW STATEMENT includes the average margins parked with the respective exchanges and the corresponding bifurcation of the margins in the form of Bank Guarantees, FDRs and cash. It also depicts the proportion of FDRs (Fixed Deposit Receipts) and shares pledged against the bank guarantees in the different banks. This is reflected in the pictures below. It helps in ascertaining the positio n of the application of the funds and helps in analysing the leverage obtained by way of borrowed funds. As the funds are released from the exchanges, they get available for further use the next day and can be invested or deployed appropriately. The following illustration gives a fair view of the margin statement. The margin report is updated on a daily basis by the concerned department and thus, the margin provisions and releases are updated in the cash flow statement. It gives a fair idea of the percent of total collateral parked with the exchange on a daily basis along with the funds actually utilised. Thus we can accordingly decide about the further deployment of funds in the exchange. Loan availed from the holding company As Motilal Oswal Securities stands as a subsidiary of the parent company, Motilal Oswal Financial Services Ltd, it is facilitated with easier loan provision facilities and funds can be availed from the parent company as and when required. Redemption of Investments in Mutual Funds As the cash flow statement is prepared, the surplus funds are invested in Liquid mutual Funds schemes of huge corpus funds and AUMs (asset under management).Cash is generated when funds that are invested are redeemed and the dividend accumulated thereon. This is generally processed on a daily basis whenever the surplus cash is ascertained. Liquid Mutual Funds enable easy liquidity coupled with less risk, as the risk is mitigated by investment into varied stocks of correlated returns by the asset management company. Arbitrage transactions Motilal Oswal Securities Ltd. has a particular department that analyses the revenues that can be made by way of arbitrage transactions. Different strategies are employed for taking advantage of the arbitrage opportunities in the capital and futures market. Generally the company deals in cash futures .Considerable profits can be booked while the deal involves less risk. The company makes revenues by way of capitalizing on the difference in the value of scrip of equity and futures over the period by employing a combination of different long and short strategies both in the cash market as well as futures market. The amount of revenue generated in the process is informed during the preparation of the cash flow statement. We thus update the amount while preparing the cash flow statement on a daily basis. DVP Institutional releases DVP known as DELIVERY VERSUS PAYMENTS arise when the company, on behalf of it Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) undertake the responsibility for provision of funds to the custodian bank of the FIIs when the buy or sell of the shares take place. Fund parked in with the custodian banks are released after the confirmation and are available with the company for utilisation. DVP is further elaborated in the outflow segment. Client Collections Information about the value of the trade conducted over the day and the amount accumulated is conveyed by way of collections obtained from the clients. Consolidated figures of each segment .i.e. NSE and BSE: Cash and FO is electronically communicated by the respective department and the amount is updated in the cash flow as an inflow of funds available for further utilisation. This includes the brokerage earned. After obtaining the Funds availability position, the deployment of the cash is decided. For efficient and cost effective utilisation of the cash resources, the application sources are effectively analysed and the different requirements taken into consideration are as follows: Provisions for salary, bonus, TDS, Advance Tax, Dividends, Operating Expenses Salary and bonus, TDS, Advance Tax provisions, Dividends to the shareholders and the operating expenses for every month is calculated by the accounts section and the total figure is communicated for making the appropriate provisions as and when required. Thereby funds are provided for these revenue expenditure items. Investments in Mutual funds ,fixed deposits, securities and derivatives Funds available have to be put to best possible use .Most cost effective alternatives combined with least exposure to risks result in the majority of the investments in liquid mutual funds with no entry and exit load and a diversified risk approach. Easy liquidity supports daily investments and redemptions and thereby surplus funds in good proportions are invested in the liquid mutual fund of well rated firms like Reliance, ICICI, UTI and FORTIS Mutual Funds having huge corpus funds and considerable Assets under Management. Funds not needed daily can be locked in for a longer period with the banks in the form of fixed deposits with a better rate of return and can be further utilised in for availing bank guarantees and overdrafts against the fixed deposit receipts. As per the direction from senior authorities regarding investments in securities and derivatives, appropriate provisions are made in the cash flow statement and the funds are provided accordingly. Loan Repayment Loans availed from the holding company are repaid with the surplus funds available with the subsidiary company. Accordingly the provisions are made and the position of the net available funds is prepared with the cash flow statement. Margin funding Margin funding refers to the funding of the clients portfolio by the stock broking firm upto a certain percentage .It depends on the segment as to whether the client wants to deal in equity or derivatives .The amount of Margin funding depends on the creditability of the client and their relationship with the company over the period. A certain percentage of interest is charged for the purpose of margin funding. It facilitates easier availability of funds during bullish markets when the clients indulge in vast amount of trading and require funds in excess of their portfolio value. In order to provide for margin funding, appropriate provisions are made and accordingly the transfer of funds are processed by electronic funds transfer on a daily basis. DVP funding Funds are provided for the Deliver Versus Payment (DVP) transaction entered into, by the companys trading unit. This comes under the institutional broking and distribution segment of the company. Thereby appropriate funds are reserved for funding DVP trades. DVP can be elaborated as follows: Monitored by RBI FII Governed by SEBI Guidelines CUSTODIAN BANK Indian Stock Exchange Stock Broker MOSL The above sketch represents the Indian context where a FII is required to be registered with SEBI, RBI and also needs to have an agreement with a Local Custodian as per RBI, SEBI requirements. As per RBI the amounts brought in by FII and maintained in designated account is fully-repatriable outside India including the sales proceeds. It is also important to note that an FII cannot deal in any activity directly without a Custodian to honour its trades. FII registration and monitoring is one of the most cumbersome processes in the capital market today as the FD I cap is highly regulated in our country. In spite of such constraints too the business from this segment is the highest today as compared to historical statistics. Therefore Working capital requirements are visible for funding FII orders in the form of Exchange Margins and Pay-in towards stock exchanges. Payments towards overdrafts, loans, BG commission Provisions are made for payments of overdrafts availed through the banks and the repayment of loan against the shares pledged .Payments are effected through electronic transfer BG commission towards the bank guarantee facilities provided are paid on an average monthly basis. Accordingly provisions are made for the same in the cash flow statement and the outflow is reflected. Client Payouts Funds available with the company include the deposits of the clients in their respective trading and settlement accounts with the company .As and when the net settlement takes place with the clients, the payouts are reflected and fund credited to the clients accounts. This is reflected as the outflow of funds in the cash flow statement.

Emergency Period Media - 1047 Words

Emergency period media In June, 1975, Indira Gandhis government declared a state of emergency and suspended civil liberties. Immediately after this declaration, the government tightened its controls on the Indian mass media, especially o n the newspapers which had reputations of being free and lively. During the Summer of 1975, as Indira Gandhi became increasingly more threatened by the mounting criticisms of her government, she declared a state of emergency. Immediately she took control of the press, prohibiting their reporting of all domestic and international news. The government expelled several foreign correspondents (mainly American and British) and withdrew accreditation from more than 40 Indian reporters who normally covered the†¦show more content†¦H e urged the editors t o express their ideas fearlessly: However, Indira Gandhis call made editors suppress their best thoughts, and for the Indian mass media, freedom became a matter of history. Like other dictators in history, Indira Gandhis first attempt was t o impose thought control o n the populous. F o r her, this was t o be effectuated not merely by controlling the Indian mass media but also by moulding the media t o her own purpose. It has now becomea well- known fact that during the emergency Indira Gandhi had a firm grip on the Indian mass media. This was especially true since radio and television in India are government owned and operated; for Indira, there was the simple matter of controlling the newspapers in order to achieve a total control of the mass media. She used at least three methods in manipulating the newspapers: (1) allocation of government advertising; (2) shotgun merger of the newsagencies;and (3) use of fear-arousal techniques on newspaper publishers, journalists and individual shareholders. The Indian newspapers depend a great deal on governmental advertising; without such revenues, it would be difficult for many Indian newspapers to stay in business. Unfortunately, this has kept many ofthem vulnerable togovernment manipulation. The large scale possibility of such manipulation, however, was not fully demonstra- ted until Indira Gandhis government decided to take advantage of this uniqueShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Social Media880 Words   |  4 Pageslonger appropriate to limit the output of emergency information to the traditional delivery methods. Social media use continues to grow at a staggering pace. As of January 2014, 74% of online adults use social networking sites (Pew Research Center, n.d.). The large percentage adults who utilize social networks daily makes their use by government agencies essential. It is no longer acceptable for Dane County Emergency Management not have a social media presence. 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Analysis Of Heidi Montag s Influence On Cosmetic Surgeries

The sense of dissatisfaction and the inability to achieve perfection has caused some individuals to become physiological obsessed with and dependent on cosmetic surgeries. At times obtaining dangerous measurements to achieve the desired perfect physique. Heidi Montag a celebrity who underwent ten cosmetic surgeries in a single day, as a means of achieving the perfect physique, is an example on how cultural ideals pressures individuals to conform to the current beauty norms (Ugrina 2014, p.100). Another example is the Brazilian man called Romario Dos Santos, who injected oil and alcohol into his biceps in order to look big like the other men at the gym. The procedure of injecting synthetic filler was successful in enlarging the biceps, however it almost cost his life as he tried to kill himself after developing depression and health problems (Awford 2015). This is an extreme example, but it does demonstrate how men are also affected by the ideals of the perfect physique. Studies have shown that body dissatisfaction of young men increases when they see images of attractive muscular men (Blond 2008, p. 244). It can be also noted how men are also choosing to undergo cosmetic surgeries to enhance their physical images as well as worrying about aging and optioning to undergo surgery such as face lifts. The constant awareness of ones look and the desire to fit into the ideals of perfect physique, not only affects adults, but also children who from a young age are exposed to thoseShow MoreRelatedDisadvantages of Plastic Surgery1195 Words   |  5 PagesDRAFT OUTLINE DISADVANTAGES OF PLASTIC SURGERY I. Introduction Just like almost every other thing in the world, plastic surgery also has its own disadvantages such as causing addiction, leading to health problems and involving a highly cost procedure. II. Body A. Plastic surgery has the potential to become an addiction. (Casey Holley, 2011) 1. Patients have low self-esteem. (Casey Holley, 2011)

Women in Prehistory Gender in Mycenaean Essay Example For Students

Women in Prehistory: Gender in Mycenaean Essay Womans in Prehistory:Gender in Mycenaean Introduction In the ancient universe, there were societal functions made for different gender as males and females played different functions in the society. Evidence of the archaeological stuffs found in Crete provides information on the functions played by work forces and adult females in Minoan society, particularly to the Mycenaean Greeks. Some research workers, establishing on the grounds of the graphics have suggested that adult females in Mycenaean did non merely play a function of rise uping kids but besides played some other functions. Some research workers have suggested, during the same period, some adult females have more freedom in one civilization than those in other civilizations. Mycenaean Age ( 1600-1100 BC ) The Mycenaean age dates back to the Bronze Age around 1600 BC to 1100 BC. It is presently an archaeological site in Greece found in the Peloponnese, Southern Greece. The archaeological remains found at Mycenaean have great importance in stating about the history of the Mycenaean age and its civilization. The remains found at the castle in Mycenae and the sums of ownership found in the Gravess indicate the prosperity and richness of the Mycenaean civilisation. Before the Mycenaean period, the dominant civilization in Greece was the Minoan. The Mycenaean defeated the Minoan and therefore replacing it in the metropolis of Troy. The Mycenaean civilization was dominant around the chief metropoliss of Mycenae which include Pylos, Tiryns, Athens, Orchomenos, Thebes and Folkseir. The Mycenaean civilization besides was in the ruins of Knossos, one of the large metropoliss in the Minoan period. The combination of the Minoan and Mycenaean led to the coming up of a civilization found in Crete ( Anna 59 ) . The category variegation hapless and the rich during the Mycenaean become more constituted. More wealth was reserved for the male monarch and other royal governments. There was besides a great separation in gender, where the male and female had different functions to play in the society. The Mycenaean exhibited warrior civilization which was one of the functions played by work forces in the Mycenaean. The warriors in Mycenaean were besides prepared for the conflict as a manner of protecting the wealth and cultural hoarded wealths of the metropolis. They were besides great bargainers who maintained contact with other trade spouses like the Europe and the Mediterranean. The grounds of the outstanding constructions built during the Mycenaean period like great castles, Bridgess, abode and grave shows that they were besides great applied scientists ( Paul 75 ) . The History of Gender Structures and Role in the Ancient Greece Minoan civilisation ( ca. 2600–ca. 14,500 BCE ) was the earliest period of Grecian history. The Crete Island had many castles of extremely centralised civilization, whereas the Knossos was the most of import. Archaeological grounds of stuff remains of the Knossos civilization which comprise of pictures on the walls of the castles provide merely guesss and non clear grounds on the constructions of gender and their functions. Many pictures found have shown adult females looking active in public like adult females in athleticss of acrobat where they vault over the dorsums of bulls that are unsafe and besides taking portion in Minoan rites. But their mere presence as seen in the pictures does non precisely say about their function in the society. One can neer judge whether the participants in the acrobats were trained slaves, blue young persons or even captives who were fixing to be given as a forfeit. There were besides statues which suggested the Minoan faith chiefly worshipped goddess figures. However, this can non be used to do a decision about the high position of adult females in Minoan ( Chapman 74 ) . The Minoan art of picture besides depicted adult female holding white tegument and work forces with brown tegument. This suggests that the blue adult females in society led an inactive life in shelters and were seldom exposed to the outside universe, whereas work forces experienced the adversities of the outside universe through out-of-door undertakings like war, concern and agribusiness. The invasion of Aegean island and Greece by the Greek-speaking people led to the outgrowth of Mycenaean civilization ( ca. 1600–ca. 1100 BCE. ) by absorbing the Minoan civilization. Many verse forms like the Odyssey and Iliad and myths came from this period. The Mycenaean civilization was dominated by the blue warriors whose position was gained through triumph in the conflict and collection of loot from where they concur. The lives of adult females in Mycenaean were under the control of work forces, that is their hubbies, male parents and sometimes even by their boies. Men literally treated the adult females in Mycenaean below the belt. However, adult females had a opportunity to asseverate themselves through their strong influence on some powerful comparative male ( Shelton 62 ) . The Mycenaean cultured ended and Greece came into a dark age where the society split into single farmsteads and little small towns. The Role of Female in Mycenaean It is apparent that to Mycenaean did non conform to male dominance excessively much as evident in some other country. The archaeological grounds found indicate that adult females took portion in really of import functions in public life in the urban like being officials, decision makers ; they were besides priestesses and took portion in some athleticss that in most instances they are dominated by work forces like overleaping over bull which are unsafe. These athleticss which required a batch of bravery and high acrobatic accomplishments were dominated by both work forces and adult females. In Mycenaean, adult females were presented to be really adept in entrepreneurship and trade plants. They besides held political duties. Archaeological grounds suggests that most priests in Mycenaean were adult females. Despite the fact that most male monarchs in castles in Mycenaean were work forces, it is true that both the Mycenaean and Minoan society were non chiefly patriarchal. Most archaeologists believe that both the Mycenaean and the Minoan were matrilinear due to the grounds of their goddess faith ( Komita 66 ) . Most of the adult females in Mycenaean were non confined to the domestic domain in their operation. There is grounds that some adult females were cooks, Millers, Fullers, weavers, hosts, physicians, vocalists, cellar keepers, terpsichoreans and instrumentalists. In most instances such activities were associated with the temple and the castle which were the primary centres of finance and production in the Mycenaean. There were great workshops in the castles for fabric production, metalwork and other fabrication workshops. Women worked in these castles and therefore played a important function in the economic system of Mycenaean. Astronomy And Space Science: Your Bones in Space EssayThe warriors fought different conflicts emerging with the triumph and brought place prisoners who became slaves in Mycenaean. However, in about 1100 BCE Mycenaean was burned and destroyed most likely by the invading Dorian. Evidence shows that its being continued as a little metropolis provinces and the walls were non destroyed. 480 BC work forces of Mycenaean were sent to Thermopylae to contend against the Persians. In 479 BC the work forces of Mycenaean were at Plataea and in 470 BC, their neighbours Argos who were really aggressive and had been impersonal in the Persian war took retaliation by beleaguering Mycenaean. In 468 BC, the Argos defeated the Mycenaean warriors and it was destroyed ( Gagarin 94 ) . Most of the concern activities in Mycenaean were carried out by work forces. They were great bargainers who contacted other trade spouses from other states like the Europe and Mediterranean. In Mycenaean, work forces were besides instrumentalists and played really of import functions, particularly in spiritual maps. Most of the grounds found about instrumentalists, showed the male instrumentalists and they played their music in standing places. Apart from artistic representation of instrumentalists, there were besides remains of musical instruments that were found in Gravess of Mycenae where they were placed in the Gravess as valuable goods. From the grounds findings, we can reason that the musical instruments found are already discerned in percussion, air current and stringed instruments. Some of the most of import archaeological findings of musical instruments include the weaponries of tusk that came from Menidi and they had been formed into a duck caput and besides some parts of lyre that were found in the grave of Spatar and Mycenae ( Chadwick 70 ) . Separation in Gender in Mycenaean In Mycenaean though non much, but at that place was a difference between the functions played work forces and adult females and how they were treated in assorted fortunes. The rewards given to adult females and work forces for the work done was non equal despite even when they did a comparatively equal undertaking. For case, in Hittite context work forces were paid higher than adult females for comparatively tantamount labour. Harmonizing to Hittite Law Code in subdivision 158, wages for work forces and adult females who were hired during crop are indicated. Their payment was settled in steps of grain. In a month, a adult male received 10 steps while a adult female received either four or six. Sometimes, the wage for a adult male was 12 boodles of Ag while that for a adult female was six boodles. This is in the ratio of 2:1 for work forces and adult females severally ( Paul 58 ) . Harmonizing to the reading of tabular array B by many bookmans, adult females in Mycenaean received every bit half as much pay for the work they did as what work forces received. However, some bookmans have argued that the grounds from table B indicate an equal ratio of wheat and some other signifiers of payment used during the Mycenaean period for work forces and adult females. Another separation is besides seen in the spiritual affairs in Mycenaean where merely adult females were given the opportunity to take spiritual activities. Their bloody nature was considered to be more suited for reaching the deities unlike work forces. They, hence, led most of the spiritual maps in the society like the offering of forfeits and carry oning burial ceremonials. They besides prayed on behalf of their household and the whole society and interceded to the Gods on behalf of work forces. In the leading sector, there was besides separation where most of the leaders, including the male monarch were male. Women’s leading was merely limited to spiritual affairs. Men dominated most of the royal places in Mycenaean and had all the authorization. Men besides had much control of trade good belongings than adult females. They had entree to more trade goods in the society than adult females. All work forces, irrespective of their societal or economic position had much power over trade goods in the community some of which were owned by adult females. This showed a great lower status in the power of adult females over ownership of belongings ( Chapman 88 ) . Most of the lands in Mycenaean were owned by work forces except for the adult females who were priestesses and some few other adult females who were non priestesses but still owned some land. In this society, gender dealingss were apparent. Womans did presume their ain muliebrity, looking at how they wore their apparels every bit good as presuming a really critical function within their ain society. Some of the adult females still used to move into really important functions in the political relations of this society. This brought rather a passage in the Mycenaean society. Decision Unlike excessively many civilizations and society, it can be observed that the Mycenaean civilization had small differences in the functions played by work forces and adult females. Womans are seen to take portion in activities that would instead be suited for work forces. They perform good in different sectors merely like their male opposite numbers such as in athleticss, in occupations and in cultural and spiritual affairs. Plants cited Paul, A. Mycenaean Divinities . Northridge, CA: California State University. 2010. Retrieved 29 April 2015. Chapman, R. Changing Social Relations in the Mediterranean Copper and Bronze Ages . In Blake, Emma ; Knapp, A. Bernard. The Archaeology of Mediterranean Prehistory. Oxford and Malden: Blackwell Publishing. 2005: pp.77–101. Chadwick, J. â€Å"The Mycenaean World.† Cambridge University Press. 1976. Retrieved April 29 2015. Gagarin, M. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome1. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2010. Shelton, K. Living and Dying in and Around Middle Helladic Mycenae . In Philippa-Touchais, Anna, T. , Voutsaki, S. et Al. : The Grecian Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age ( Bulletin de CorrespondanceHellenique: Supplement, Volume 52 ) . Athinais: Ecolefrancaised’Athenes. 2010: pp.57–65. Komita, N. The Grave Circles at Mycenae and the Early Aryans . Research Reports of Ikutoku Technical University, ( A-7 ) , 1982: 59–70.

Whistle blowing an Example by

Whistle blowing Whistle blowing is a topic of interest because it pertains to contemporary issues often kept in secrecy, privacy and confidentiality, all to the detriment of the society or the organization. While whistle blowing is feared and is a subject which many are not willing to talk about, indeed, it is the high time that the society acknowledged the role of whistle blowing in identifying and bringing into open cases of gross misconduct amongst either employees or government officials. Need essay sample on "Whistle blowing" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Whistle blowing creates room for those in low positions to have a chance to express themselves and particularly to bring into the open issues which are deliberately kept away from the public. In that way, whistleblowers are able to face those in authority who often act in an offensive manner because they believe they are not vulnerable. By highlighting incidences of violation of the law, whistle blowers in organizations promote good ethics which requires that employees whether senior staff or at the bottom line, hold on to integrity, honesty and accountability. Indeed, whistle blowing in as far as business ethic is concerned, is a show of accountability and integrity given the fact that some issues if not laid open to public scrutiny can lead to the collapse of organizations. Students Usually Tell EssayLab support: Who wants to write essay for me? Essay writers advise: Winning Academic Essay Writing Delivered On Time Cheap Custom Essays Pay For Essay Cheap Grab My Essay Review Best Essay Writing Company Often, issues that cause whistleblowers to come out in the open and highlight gross misconduct as well as violation of issues such as work safety, professional code of conduct, fraud as well as discrimination at work, are what encompass the act of whistleblowing. Therefore it is evident that whistle blowing is part and parcel of maintenance of corporate responsibility. There are some cases whereby organizations do not have in-built systems to check against violations against employees. In such cases, it is whistleblowing that is tasked with the responsibility of identifying issues that are a threat to public good. Were it not for whistleblowing, issues such as fraudulent reporting, underreporting as well as financial misconduct, which is orchestrated by top management, would end up bringing down organizations. But thanks to whistle blowing, issues can be brought into the open either to people at authority such as managers or government officials before a great amount of damage is done. Both internal and external forms of whistle blowing enable violations against the public or employees to be scrutinized and possibly to cease. Although most organizations have internal systems, which play a role similar to that of whistleblowing, such internal systems are often incapable of controlling top management as long as it is bent on committing violations. Such in-built systems, which supplement efforts of whistleblowing, include auditors roles, which can bring into the open gross misconduct and violations of procedures in an organization. There have been ethical concerns surrounding the topic of whistleblowing. This includes challenges which whistle blowers face. In most cases, most people are torn between sympathizing with the organization, which suffers from negative publicity occasioned by allega tions by whistle blowers. There is a debate on whether it is moral to spill the beans, an action which portends the danger of one being terminated from employment. It takes great risk to go on with plans of whistleblowing considering challenges and potential for prosecution. It is also ethically debatable on whether it is morally right for employers to sack or engage in actions of victimization towards whistleblowers. Also, of ethical concern, is what is at stake if one goes ahead with plans to do whistleblowing. Another ethical issue which comes to form when considering whether to go ahead with whistle blowing or not is the danger one is putting to the immediate family and friends who stand to suffer if the action of whistleblowing backfires and as a result the whistleblower ends up in prison and is therefore seen as a villain. Whistleblowing therefore, has a lot of ethical and moral implications for the whistleblower and a great deal of the good and the bad resulting from whistleblowing poses a great dilemma to employees. Equally challenging is the fact that whistleblowers are involved in a legal tussle before they can prove their case. Again, this raises ethical questions as to how appropriate and beneficial it is for an employee to undertake whistleblowing. Generally, advantages of whistleblowing in terms of moral right outdo the advantages of not whistleblowing considering that many people are suffering in organizations and in other institutions from injustices such as racial discrimination, religious discrimination as well as discrimination on the basis of national origin and gender. Therefore, as long as whistleblowing helps fight the vices in the society, then it must be viewed as ethically correct since it upholds morality. In conclusion, whistleblowing has become a highly publicized concept given a lot of media coverage. The fact that most whistleblowers especially in terms of whistleblowing depend on the media and publicity to prove their case is a demonstration that the media plays a very important role in advancing the cause of whistleblowers. As evidenced by the frequency in which whistleblowing is given coverage in current events in the news, whistleblowing is important if the wrongs, which go on behind doors in offices, are to be brought to the fore. Reference Miethe, Terance, D. 1991. Whistleblowing At Work: Tough Choices in exposing Fraud, Waste and Abuse on the Job. Westview Press. William, H. Shaw and Vincent Barry.2007. Moral Issues in Business 10th ed. Belmont, California: Wadsworth. Whistle blowing an Example by Whistle blowing Whistle blowing is becoming more and more common in the workplaces. The reason is because of many unethical and immoral practices that are within the workplaces. The intentions for whistle blowing are both positive and negative, but mostly whistle blowers do it because a situation raises concern and serious measures need to be taken against it. Whistle blowing has become very effective in revealing immoralities and behaviors that pose danger to the employees at the workplace. (Hunt, 1995) However, it is usually done in private and public organizations and especially if the management denies the employees freedom of expression or if their grievances are not looked into immediately. Therefore whistle blowers do this to coerce the government or the senior managers to address issues that interfere with the well being of the employees. Most whistle blowers are those employees in junior positions who usually are not in a position to access senior authority. (Hunt, 1995) Need essay sample on "Whistle blowing" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Pros and Cons of Whistle blowing There are various advantages and disadvantages of whistle blowing. One of the advantages of whistle blowing is that it exposes an organization which poses health risks to its employees in terms of conducive working environment. The whistle blower protects the rights of employees if for instance he/she secretly reports the management to Human Rights commission, and actions are taken against the management of such an organization. (Hunt, 1995) The industrial and labor requirements may be employed to improve the situation and thus better the working conditions of the workers. (Hunt, 1995)Another advantage of whistle blowing is that it compels the companies and major corporations to comply with rules and regulations that champion the rights of employees. Whistle blowing, is more common if the information being revealed has to do with immorality. For example, bosses who demand sexual favors from their female employees and in the event they refuse they threaten them with a sack. This trend is warring and whistle blowing ha come to save the situation. (Hunt, 1995) Bosses nowadays fear engaging in morally or unethically acceptable behavior. Whistle blowing has minimized oppression against the employees for example overworking them, and violence in the workplace. Whistle blowing is also believed to be the most effective way of airing a problem that is raising serious concern for the employees and the degree of the whistle blower being taken seriously is also high. (Hunt, 1995) Whistle blowing however, has its own disadvantages. For instance it becomes hard to differentiate a whistle blower and a gossip. Many employees actually engage in gossip thinking that actually they are raising moral and ethical concerns. As a result if such information is not disseminated well to the senior authorities, the whistle blower may be assumed to be spreading malicious gossip with an intention of revenging. (Hunt, 1995) There is normally no way of knowing whether the whistle blower is telling the truth or not if there is no tangible evidence to support his concerns. Another challenge of whistle blowing is that the person whistle blowing must be a professional and should not be tainted so that he/she can be believed by the authority. In addition a person can be prosecuted by the corporation or the company that he or she is working for, if they are able to prove that he/she has divulged information believed to be confidential and that he failed to compliy with the rules and r egulations of the company. It is hard to determine whether the information that has been given out has serious moral and ethical concerns. In some cases, the authority is not able to determine whether the information given to them should be acted on or not because they fear that they might be interfering with the operations of the organization. (Hunt, 1995) Whistle blowing has an effect of creating tension at the workplace and it thus might interfere with the employees performance. Too much care is exercised which instills anxiety among the employees. If a boss senses that his actions are likely to be reported to the senior authority, he/she may resign and the burden left may fall on unsuspecting colleagues. (Hunt, 1995) A whistle blower is likely to be isolated at the workplace if he/she discovered. People might fear that they will be reported for almost all mistakes they make. The person is viewed as a gossip and therefore may lack friends at the workplace. This is because he/she cannot be trusted with any type of information. Whistle blowers may report incidents to the wrong person and thus the information is likely to be used against them. The information is likely to be twisted and distorted and thus it may not achieve the intended goal. However, rules are being put in place to protect the claims of whistle blowers. (Hunt, 1995) There are a number of companies worldwide who employ whistle blowing services provided by selected companies to enhance the effect of the reports. For example, there are special helpline services for whistle blowers. The major setback with helpline services is that someone may make a plank all and hide his/her identity and thus the information given out will be questionable and not based on facts and truth. The governments have been streamlining helpline services to increase their efficiency. (Hunt, 1995) Conclusion It is worth to note that employees and other people are more likely to blow the whistle today than they would have done seven years ago. Almost ten years ago whistle blowers were believed to be traitors and branded misfit. Nowadays, many people make calls or go personally to the organizations concerned. (Hunt, 1995)The people have come to realize that if they ignore and discourage whistle blowers, they will be doing it at their own peril. Most the issues being reported on are financial misconduct and safety risks. Both the issues constitute an average of thirty percent calls each. There has been double increase in issues and concerns related to double standards and trading. The care sector has also recorded the same number of calls. This trend has compelled many companies to clean their acts for fear of being exposes. However, the claims which are made are not released in full detailed before a decision is made. Efforts have been made to incorporate whistle blowing to become an impor tant part of companys risk management. Plans are also underway to ensure laws on whistle blowing and practice are put in place and enforced by the law. The act of whistle blowing is being given a totally different approach and laws are also being put in place to protect whistle blowers. (Hunt, 1995) References Hunt, G (1995). Whistleblowing In The Social Sevices: Public Accountability & Professional Practice. Arnold

Feminism Views Essays - Womens Rights, Free Essays, Term Papers

Feminism Views Essays - Womens Rights, Free Essays, Term Papers Feminism Views Feminism Views Women have always been a mans dependent. These two sexes have never shared the world in equality. Even in our day and age women are still heavily suppressed. I would have to say that things have certainly changed since the 1700s, 1800s, and early 1900s. Women today are progressing into the world with freedom. They have the power to be who they want to be and are no longer told who they should be. Women are getting better jobs, higher political status, and more importantly, a role in society to which they have no boundaries. Women are no longer stuck in the house. Instead they are providing for their families not only emotionally, but also financially. Today gender identity is becoming less important. This issue is central not only to public policy, but also too private relationships as well. We wouldnt be where we are today if it wasnt for the hard work and determination of people like Mary Wollstonecraft, John Stuart Mill, Emmiline Pankhurst, and Simone de Beauvoir. Most women are n o longer facing the hardships of the 1700s, 1800s, and early 1900s. With limited education, economic rights, or social respect, women were excluded of having a voice in society. As they grew older a womans intellect gave way to beauty and social graces. At this time the only way they could succeed in the world was by marriage. Women were thought as only existing for men. Men respected women, because they were their servants, made their clothes and food, and took care of their family. In their struggle for equal rights, women faced strong opposition. Opponents argued that feminist demands would threaten society by undermining marriage and family. The Government went to great lengths to suppress women by refusing them an education. Mock2 Keeping them in ignorance would subdue them. When feminism first began the only demands made by women were a better education and a respectful position in society. One of the first women to touch base on feminism was Mary Wollstonecraft. Mary first stated her opinion of feminism in her book, Vindiction of the Rights of Women. Mary was one of the few career women of that time. She made her living as a prolific writer. Mary wanted all women to have equal citizenship, economic independence, and most importantly an education. She believed that without these things women wouldnt survive. Her main argument was the simple principle of having an education. She argued that a woman would have no idea why she has to do the things she does or cooperate with societies laws without an education. Mary thought, and I agree, that education holds the key to achieving a sense of self-respect and anew self-image that would enable women to put their capacities to good use. One of the first men to take part in feminism was John Stuart Mill. He was a British philosopher and liberal. He believed that women should be able to vote and have access to an equal education as well as the professions. He stated that this equality wouldnt be just humane, it would have the advantage of doubling the mass of mental faculties available for the higher service of humanity. Which seemed like a reasonable idea, but it wasnt accepted. Mills interest in feminism greatened when he met Harriet Taylor, who herself was a feminist. Taylor helped him shape his ideas on the urgent need for reform in womens rights. In 1867, Mill, as Member of Parliament, proposed that suffrage be extended to women. He was rejected with a 194 to 74 vote. After being turned down, his persistence never stopped. He won a broader audience after he wrote, The Subjection Mock3 of Women. In that book, Mill argued that women should be able to participate in political life and should not be barred from the workforce. When womens suffrage began to reach its peak Emmeline Pankhurst came into play. She and her daughter Christabel formed the Womens Party. These women engaged in demonstrations, disrupted political meetings, and went to jail. If they went to jail they resorted to hunger strikes. Emmeline went through ten of those hunger strikes herself. They got so out of hand that they had to be force-fed.

Managing People for a Competitive Advantage Essay

Managing People for a Competitive Advantage - Essay Example The human resource function seeks to improve the performance of the workforce without having to hire new people for the job placements available. These managers can improve the performance of their workforce by demanding that the team members deliver more. c.Talent effective strained by new realities Interdependence has tremendously influenced how work is done within an organization as many opt to collaborate for the good of the business and the achievement of organizational goals. Collaboration makes the job of managing the workforce to be easy as they work towards the achievement of effective processes. Additionally, the performance of one employee tends to affect the performance of his/her peers making it important for managers to influence them to put in more effort. Interactions are also necessary when it comes to getting the job done as employees need each other for them to complete their tasks. d. A new Convergence of talent and business management The workplace has continued to change over the years while the talent has also been challenging, making it needful to collaborate talent management to ease the complex situation. Employees have to align themselves with the visions of the managers so as to be relevant to the business and its practice. 2. Four generations of people The silents- these are individuals born between 1925 and 1946. They are loyal, dedicated and risk-averse as their values are influenced by the fact that that they were present during the Great Depression and World War II.

George Whitefield Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

George Whitefield - Essay Example He moved the masses as no-one before him and hardly anyone since. His life is filled with instruction for Christians today." He spoke to some ten million people, and it is said his voice could be heard a mile away. It is estimated that throughout his life, he preached more than 18,000 formal sermons and if less formal occasions are included, that number might rise to more than 30,000. In addition to his ministry in Great Britain (for 24 years) and America (for 9 years), he made 15 journeys to Scotland, 2 to Ireland, and one each to Bermuda, Gibraltar, and The Netherlands (Armstrong 9, 22). He may have been the best-known Protestant in the whole world during the eighteenth century. Certainly he was the single best-known religious leader in America of that century, and the most widely recognized figure of any sort in North America before George Washington (Noll 91). Early years in England. George Whitefield was born in the Bell Inn where his father, Thomas, was a wine merchant and innkeeper. It was the largest and finest establishment in town, and its main hall had two auditoriums, one of which was used to stage plays. But when he was only two tragedy struck this young prosperous family, George's father died (Dallimore I 17-19; Armstrong 12). When the lad was 8 years of age his mother remarried, but the union was tragic, and the inn was almost lost due to financial difficulties. While the other children worked, George's mother saw his ability and made sure he attended the St. Mary de Crypt Grammar School in Gloucester from the age of 12. He was a gifted speaker, had a great memory, and often acted in the school plays, he was proficient in Latin and could read new Testament Greek. However, at the age of 15 George had to drop his studies and worked for a year and a half to help support the family. It seemed tragic, but it was a good experience for George to experience real life. He learned to associate with people from all ranks of society, he worked by day and at night, he read the Bible and dreamed of going to Oxford. In time the husband left, and George's older brother took back control of the inn. But there was no longer any money to send George to college with. For a time he and his mother were heartbroken. But over t ime they learned that he could go to Oxford as a "servitor," and at age 17 he left for the University with great eagerness. In 1732 he entered Pembroke College at Oxford in November. As a "servitor" he lived as a butler and maid to 3 or 4 highly placed students. He would wash their clothes, shine their shoes, and do their homework. A servitor lived on whatever scraps of clothing or money they gave him. He had to wear a special gown and it was forbidden for students of a high rank to speak to him. Most servitors left rather than endure the humiliation. In 1733, George became a member of the Holy Club led by John and Charles Wesleys (this group of students followed certain "methods" for religion, that were centered on careful reading of the Bible). His mates at Pembroke College had begun to call Whitefield a "Methodist," which was the derogatory word they used to describe members of the Holy Club. To other students their disciplined way of life looked foolish, and the word "Methodist" implied that they lived by a mindless method, like windup robots (Dallimore I 21-49). Charles Wesley loaned him a book, "The Life of God in the Soul of Man",

Philosophical and Ethical Concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Philosophical and Ethical Concepts - Essay Example Over 70 percent of the Americans believe that the organizations have been stated to be very wasteful on the charitable funds that they get. Only 10 percent of the Americans are convinced that the charity organizations have been doing the right thing and using the money wisely. 17 percent of the Americans believe that the funds were making the right decisions. The statistics show how much the charity organization created mistrust to their donors. The ethical concern is of much importance in this case, and they need much proper understanding. The moral judgment comes later after addressing the ethical concerns. To start with, one needs to go through the principal forces that affect the experience of the organizations. The ethical issues that are in the non-profit sector should also be the subject of discussion in order to solve the problems that are associated with the charitable organizations. Thereafter there has to be solutions to the problems that face the charity organizations on the issue of misconduct. There are the ethical challenges in the organizations, and they lead to the misconduct. The challenges that are evident in this case and they end up in criminal violations (VanderWallen 142). The moral conduct has got some crucial factors that influence them. Moral awareness is very much essential when it comes to addressing the ethical issues. After creating the moral awareness in a charity organization, it is crucial to come up with an ethical decision making which is thereafter followed by moral intent. The last step is coming up with the moral actions. Following all these steps will result in the elimination of the misconduct. The moral judgment of the people is crucial for all aspects. In this case the moral sense of the donors is critical. The donor is a person who wants to contribute to the charity work. It is crucial for the donors to be enlightened about the misconducts in organization. The

Grand Avenue Essay -- essays papers

Grand Avenue In the novel Grand Avenue. Greg Sarris uses the theme thread of poison to connect all of his separate stories about the Toms’, a Pomo Indian family. He proves that the roots of a family are the basis which gives the family its structure, even if those roots are bad. In the Toms’ family they’re roots were poisoned from the very founding of the family starting with Sam Toms’. His poison was not the fact that he tried to steal a married woman away, but that he was filled with secrets, deceptions, and self hatred. His family was founded on these poisened roots and passes the poisen down generation after gerneration. The only way to stop the poison, or inner self hatred taken out in other forms, was to let go of past and talk about the secrets and lies. Once a person does this they are able to learn from their mistake , in a sense the break free from the poison. If Sam Toms’ , the founder or root of the family,would have broken free of his poise n by talking about his mistake he made, his whole family per haps would have turned out completely different. As a result of his secrets and lies his family was rasied to make the same immoral desisions as he made throughout his life. His family, like Sam, didn't take responcilblity for their mistakes, which spread the poison onto the next generation. Tracing the poison throughout the Tom’s beginning at the roots, shows just how important the roots indeed are. In the first story, entitled The Magic Pony, one learns about the â€Å"Man Poison†. The story is narrated by Jasmine, who lives with her Auntie Faye Faye tells her daughter Ruby and Jasmine that all men are poisoned because of a mistake from her past She stole her cousin Anna’s boyfriend Joaquin, by lying t... ...d few such as Anna, Stella, and Alice who broke free of the poison, lived their lives as Sam Toms’ did who rooted the family. They as he did lied, cheated, manipuled, and kept secrets to try to live a happy life which in actuality their lives were anything but. The strong Toms’ that broke free of the poison spoke of their problems and took responsibility for them. The rest just followed in their ancestors footsteps and lived unhappy and immoral lives as they did. The Toms’ family poison connected the whole family, generation after generation together, and helps to prove how important an influential a families’ roots really are.footsteps and lived unhappy and immoral lives as they did. The Toms’ family poison connected the whole family, generation after generation together, and helps to prove how important an influential a families’ roots really are.

Influence of Rules and Regulation on Public Sector Accounting Practice

Title: Rules And Regulation In Public Sector Accounting. Date / Time: 07 October 2012 (Monday) / 4:00 Pm Location: Room Spk308, Othman Yeop Abdullah Building (School Of Accounting. ) Guest: Student Of Public Sector Accounting Group C Agenda: Influence Of Rules And Regulation On Public Sector Accounting Practise. Last Sunday, we are discussing about the rule and regulation regarding Public Sector Accounting Practice. On that day, we are discussing about the article in federal law which on part VII (Financial Provision).Initially, we must know about the establishment history of the Federal Constitution. Federal Constitution it’s also known it as the Malaysian Constitution. It is the written legal documentation that it’s formed based on two previous documents of the Federation of Malaya Independence Constitution of 1948 and 1957. The legal drafted based on the advice of Reid Commission. Federal Constitution consists of several different parts. Public Sector Accounting Practice is related to part VII in the Federal Constitution.These VII parts consist of several articles. The article starts from Article 96 until Article 112. This segment is focus on the financial provision for the government and state. Article 96, Indicates that no money can be raised by taxation or rates, nor can it be spent (except) under the authority of the federal law. Article 97, all revenues and monies raised or received by the Federal government shall be paid to the Federal Consolidated Fund and all revenues and monies received by the state shall be paid to the State Consolidated Fund.Article 98, Indicates that expenditure charge to the Federal Consolidated Fund include grant, remuneration of the royalties, pensions, debt charges, money to pay for court judgment. Next Article 99, Annual financial statements require the federal government to prepare and submit to the Parliament, statements of estimated receipts and estimated expenditure of the following year before the commencement of that year. Also requires federal government to submit statement of assets and liabilities of last financial year.Article 100, Supply Bills indicates that expenditure to be met from the consolidated fund excluding charged expenditure shall be included in a bill known as Supply Bill. Article 101, if the amo unt appropriated (approved) by the Supply Act is insufficient, a supplementary budget can be prepared and submitted to Parliament. Article 102, Expenditure of unusual urgency not is included in the approved budget; it needs to be approved by Parliament. Article 103, The purpose of the Contingencies Fund is to meet urgent and unforeseen need for expenditure for which no other provision exist.Article 104, Withdrawals from Consolidated Funds regulates payment for charged expenditure authorized by Supply Act and also Article 102. Article 105, Auditor General is appointed by the King on the advice of the Prime Minister and after consultation with the Council of Rulers and is eligible for reappointment. Article 106, The Auditor General will perform such other duties as specified by the King on accounts of federal, states and other public authorities. Article 107, the audit report should be submitted to the King to be laid in the Parliament.The states accounts’ and other state autho rities should be submitted to the state ruler for presentation to the State Legislative Assembly. Article 109, Grants for States indicates that Federal government shall make to each state a grant, capitation grant. Article 110, Assignment of Taxes and Fees to the States, each state will receive portion of taxes collected within the states which receive 10% of export duties of mineral produced by states. Article 111, The Federation shall not borrow except under the authority of federal law and state.Last Article 112, Restrict alternation by states to any addition to its establishment or the establishment of any of its department or alter the rates of established salaries and emoluments. DISCUSSION: We have conducted a discussion in the class. Before starting the presentation, we already began the discussion session. We ask the students to give their opinion about article 96 until article 112. one of our friends, Noor Amiera binti Jaafar gave her opinion regarding article number 97. S he said, â€Å"Federal Constitution related to government financial.Example Article 97, subject to federal constitution, all revenue came from state will be accounted to the state government†. Besides Noor Amiera, the others member also provides their own opinion like, Teoh Vin Sen he said state government will collect the money and revenue from state if under the federal government. Last but not least our friends Yap Kit Yeng, she gave an opinion regarding article number 96, and she said the federal government will collect the revenue from taxation. SUGGESTION: 1.We suggest that it’s compulsory for every student to read the book before they came to the class in order to improve their participation. Moreover by reading before they came to the class, the objective of Student Centred Learning because they can give their own opinion about the discussed topics. 2. Each group should be more confident when they want to do the presentation. Besides that, the presenter must ma ke slide presentation clear. 3. Student should give the full attention when the presenter present about their chapter. Besides that, the presenter must point to the audience when they want the answer.

HIV and AIDS In Africa - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1652 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/08/02 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: AIDS (HIV) Essay Did you like this example? Background / Overview: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) attacks the CD4 cells of the bodys immune system and weakens the defense mechanism from protecting against infections and diseases. As the number of CD4 cells decreases the body becomes more vulnerable to all opportunistic diseases and cancers. AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV infection with severe immune deficiency i.e. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "HIV and AIDS In Africa" essay for you Create order least CD4 count (less than 200 cells/ cubic meter), it takes nearly 2 15 years for the virus to develop into this stage. At this stage, the body becomes vulnerable to serious infections and cancers. About two-thirds of the world population living with HIV are in Africa, of which Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) accounts for 70% of this disease rate (Kharsany Karim, 2016). There was a slight decline in the incidence of HIV/AIDS in past few years nearly 1.3 million in this country yet persistently remains in the top 5 countries that are infected with HIV (see fig.1). According to 2013 census Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) had 24.7 million people who are infected with HIV, and in 2016 there are 25.98 million people living with HIV (see fig.2). Undisputedly SSA harbors 60% of HIV cases, of which 28 million are living with HIV, more than 14000 people are getting an infection every day and nearly 11000 are dying with AIDS-related complications (Dzimnenani Mbirimtengerenji,2007). Factors contributing to the spread of HIV/AIDS in SSA social stigma, ancient and traditional practices, poverty, multiple sex partners, heterosexual transmission, and lack of male circumcision(Chen et al., 2007) ( see fig 5). As a matter of fact, HIV infection has played a considerable role in decreasing the life expectancy, health status, education, employment and countrys economy. The pandemic has reduced the national economy by 2-4% a year on an average across Africa (Dixon, 2002). Also, the death rates are so high due to HIV related diseases and cancers. Fig 3: Map: Share of the population infected with HIV, 2016 Source: IHME, Global Burden of Disease Fig 4: Disparately High HIV Prevalence among Young Women Compared to Young Men Source: UNAIDS, 2014 Fig 5: Distribution of new HIV infections among population groups, 2017 Source: UNAIDS special analysis, 2018 What has been done so far? With more than 30 years of continuous efforts made on this HIV epidemic, there is still no proper cure or an effective vaccine, however, due to advanced treating methods by using Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has made the deadly disease into more chronic disease and manageable condition and also by increasing the life expectancy (Kharsany Karim, 2016). Moreover, behavioral modifications also helped in reducing the prevalence rate of HIV in some tropical countries. The strategic goals for behavioral change involve stigma reduction, reduce the number of sex partners, avoid sharing of needles and injections that are contaminated, reduce the age of first intercourse, increase the use of condom and its sales, and also by encouraging regular screening and health education counselling services (Coates, Richter, Caceres, 2008). Not only behavioral interventions but also the combination of biomedical and structural interventions have a holistic approach to prevent HIV infection. Fig 6: Effective HIV Prevention require a combination intervention. At intrapersonal level, the PLWHA (Persons Living With HIV/AIDS) in SSA have been educating all the high-risk group individuals about the methods of transmission, preventive measures, and how to protect their human rights based on the resources. Moreover, the national government of Sub-Saharan Africa has released funds for the campaigns on disease awareness and reducing stigma related to the HIV. These are the massive campaigns which are promoted targetting families and communities, in spite of all these efforts there is still gender inequality, lack of knowledge and high level of stigma in SSA (Dahlui et al., 2015). At the interpersonal level, the combination strategy includes health education for sex workers and men who have sex with men to have access to male and female condoms, lubricant and PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis). At Community and Organization level, the NSPs (Needle and Syringe Programmes) focused on people who inject drugs and have been effective in reducing the usage of contaminated needles, and Opioid Substitution Therapy (OST). UNAIDS in collaboration with World bank has launched several successful health education programs for teenage girls, women, and homosexuals focusing on social discrimination, reduci ng stigma, awareness. The biomedical interventions at schools and multimedia organization level included VMMC (Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision, free HIV testing and condom supply. Examples of such successful large-scale programmes were Love Life multi-media campaign in South Africa, the National Behaviour Change Programme in Zimbabwe and Multi-Country one love campaign in southern Africa. In 2003, UNAIDS and WHO launched the 3 by 5 initiative which is reducing the incidence rate of HIV by 3 million in 2005 with ART( Antiretroviral therapy). The programs did not achieve the target population by the expected deadline and instead the number tripled which lead to the initiative of many challenging and great momentums. WHO and UNAIDS set up ambitious global targets (90-90-90) by 2020. In 2013 Health and education ministers addressed the barriers that are preventing girls and women from accessing the services. They have also focused on sex education in schools (CSE- comprehensive sexual education), eliminating gender barrios. Between 2010- 2015 the PMTCT (Prevention of Mother-to-child transmission) in East and southern Africa was successful in preventing the vertical transmission of this virus from a positive mother to child by 66%. The recent report shows that there has been an improvement from 61% in 2010 to 89% in 2016. In 2007 WHO and UNAIDS promoted VMMC (voluntary medical male circumcision) as one of the key components for preventing HIV. In 2015, South Africa took the first initiative to fully approve the PrEP (Pre-exposure prophylaxis with antiretroviral drugs. Next steps: Gaps or shortcomings in what has been done so far Although many attempts were made to prevent the prevalence and incidence rate of HIV in Africa and SSA specifically, the disease still remains a serious problem. This is because of all the current interventions and strategies are not specific to a particular region, which is in fact, globally formulated policies (Hanson Hanson, 2008). Despite considering all the specific factors in each setting such as regional, cultural, traditional and high-risk population in combination interventions yet have drawbacks. Gaps in the Behavioral intervention: This intervention was not effectively practiced and discontinued in many countries. As a result, many young people had inadequate knowledge (36% young men, 30% of young women) according to the survey in 2015. Very minimal efforts are made to bring a change in social norms that are negatively impacting HIV (Hanson Hanson, 2008). Gaps in Biomedical interventions: VMMC has been rapidly expanded in 14 countries, out of which 8 countries declined the use of this programme in 2015. So, in order to reach the Fast track target, the voluntary male circumcision number has to double in 2020. UNAIDS 2020 target on PrEP coverage is 5% at present. According to the 2015 survey, 62% of individuals were not virally suppressed and 42% were unaware of their HIV status. So, there is a limitation is TasP ( Treatment-as- prevention) and PrEP. Thus the campaigns AIDS kills, Abstinence, Be faithful and use a condom approach was introduced by indulging fear among people. But this approach had failures in promoting safe sex (Hanson Hanson, 2008) Gaps in Structural interventions:   These are difficult to implement in poor countries like SSA as they deal with deep-rooted socio-economic issues such as gender discrimination, poverty, and human rights. As South Africa is the first to widely approve the ART (antiretroviral therapy) treatment, SSA is likely to benefit from future interventions that would concentrate on early access to ART, large-scale HIV screening promotions, health educations on HIV/AIDS. B- Future Intervention: There has to be a realistic target in setting up future interventions to prevent HIV/AIDS in low-income tropical countries that have the highest burden of this disease. The goal of my intervention is to bring a change in risky behaviors among the targeted population in SSA. (i)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Development: Aim for reducing the high-risk sexual behavior patterns by half in a span of 3 years. This intervention will be targeting homosexuals, substance abusers, and sex workers. Assessment is done in two ways -Identifying and analyzing the data on the number of sex workers, LGBTs. -By conducting surveys of knowledge, practices, and attitudes towards the stigma of HIV/AIDS. Develop trust, strength, and empathy in the population. Hiring well-trained health care providers. Implementation: Distributing pamphlets, advertising, mass media communications. Awareness campaigns- includes disposal of contaminated needles, use of condoms, safe sex education, screenings, sex education in schools. Health education programs in rural areas and providing them with free condoms. Conduct free screenings for all the high-risk population. Evaluation: Conducting pre and post surveys to assess their knowledge and beliefs. Assess the syringes and condom supply and sales in hospitals and pharmacies. Evaluate the hospital records for the incidence and prevalence rate of HIV infection. Web resources: https://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-programming/treatment/overview https://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-around-world/sub-saharan-africa/overview https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/data-and-trends/global-statistics https://www.prb.org/thestatusofthehivaidsepidemicinsubsaharanafrica/ References: Coates, T. J., Richter, L., Caceres, C. (2008). Behavioural strategies to reduce HIV transmission: how to make them work better. Lancet, 372(9639), 669-684. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60886-7 Chen, L., Jha, P., Stirling, B., Sgaier, S., Daid, T., Kaul, R. and Nagelkerke, N. (2007). Sexual Risk Factors for HIV Infection in Early and Advanced HIV Epidemics in Sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic Overview of 68 Epidemiological Studies. PLoS ONE, 2(10), p.e1001. Dahlui, M., Azahar, N., Bulgiba, A., Zaki, R., Oche, O. M., Adekunjo, F. O., Chinna, K. (2015). HIV/AIDS Related Stigma and Discrimination against PLWHA in Nigerian Population. PLoS ONE, 10(12), e0143749. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143749 Dzimnenani Mbirimtengerenji, N. (2007). Is HIV/AIDS Epidemic Outcome of Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa? Croatian medical journal, 48(5), 605-617 Dixon, S. (2002). The impact of HIV and AIDS on Africas economic development. BMJ, 324(7331), pp.232-234. Hanson, S., Hanson, C. (2008). HIV control in low-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa: are the right things done? Global Health Action, 1, 10.3402/gha.v3401i3400.1837. doi:10.3402/gha.v1i0.1837 Kharsany, A. B. M., Karim, Q. A. (2016). HIV Infection and AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Current Status, Challenges and Opportunities. The Open AIDS Journal, 10, 34-48